The use of UAVs on the northern and southern borders could potentially act as an
important force multiplier by covering previously unpatrolled areas or more effectively
surveilling areas already patrolled. The benefit of increased coverage, however, may not
be so significant when terrorists, like the September 11 hijackers, can and have entered the
country through more easily accessible official ports of entry. Another consideration is
how well the CBP could respond to UAV imagery. Are there enough border patrol
resources to investigate all UAV identified targets? Would the lack of human resources
render high technology like UAVs less effective?
The technical capabilities of the UAVs have been tested in a military context, but
serious safety and technical issues need to be addressed if the program is to be expanded
domestically. Perhaps most important, a clearly defined role and action plan for the
application of UAV technology to homeland security needs would need to be created.
Another set of questions pertains to the schedule for implementing UAVs in border
security. Currently, the regular use of UAVs in U.S. airspace appears to be slated for the
year 2008. 22 If UAVs are deemed to be useful for border security, some may ask why it
will take so long implement this technology. Other countries, such as Japan and South
Korea have, for many years, used UAVs in a variety of civil roles.23 Italy could fly civil
UAVs by the end of 2002. 24 Could U.S. aviation authorities pursue a more aggressive
implementation plan?
UAVs are likely to be fielded as part of a larger system of border surveillance, not as
a solution in and of themselves. Are there potential alternatives to using UAVs in this
surveillance system? Aerostats may offer one alternative.
Aerostats are helium-filled
blimps that dont fly horizontally but are instead tethered to the ground with a cable that
provides power. Like UAVs, Aerostats are unmanned and can loiter for long periods of
time. Aerostats are already fielded by the Customs Service and by the Army for both civil
and military applications. If UAVs are deemed attractive because of low cost, elevated
sensor capabilities, and long loiter times, Aerostats may be studied as a platform that
might offer advantages in all three of these areas.
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