As far as my thoughts on the definition of "the soul" goes, it's just personal. I think biblically speaking the idea of "the soul" is rather vague. The Hebrew word is nephesh, such as in Genesis 2 when God breathes into the lump of dirt and the text says it became a nephesh, or "living being". Nephesh is linked to the concept of breath and breathing.
Interestingly that's also the basic meaning of the Greek psuche, breath. So in the ancient mind that critical distinction between a living thing and a corpse is that it breathes, it has breath. It's that vital breath that is, fundamentally "the soul".
So I'd argue that is generally how the various authors of the biblical texts would have perceived the idea of "the soul". The modern idea of the ghost in the shell is largely a product of Platonism.
As far as the resurrection of the body goes, that is basic orthodox Christian teaching universally taught by Roman Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Protestants. Up until rather recently in history, the last hundred or two hundred years, this was just accepted as theological reality. The Christian hope of eternal life wasn't of floating up to a place called "heaven" to spend eternity as a harp-strumming ethereal whisp; but was that the body, this flesh-and-bone solid matter, would rise up even as Jesus rose up. In fact in 1 Corinthians St. Paul goes so far as to say that if there is no resurrection of the dead, then Jesus Himself isn't raised up, because Jesus' resurrection and the future resurrection of the dead are, essentially, bound up in the same reality.
A decayed/cremated body is raised up all the same. It is in fact this hope that those who having died and long turned to dust in the earth would rise again that is the essence of the resurrection hope. It's the reason why both Jews and Christians (and later Muslims) have historically buried their dead, out of a belief of the resurrection of the dead. Burial and preservation of the body is rooted in the belief that the body matters, and will matter ultimately in the end.
-CryptoLutheran