They are the result of poverty. Poverty is often the result of "high crime rates, drugs, etc.", and of poor education (no good school affordable). Which is the result of poverty ...
People may get out of such a vicious circle, but not everyone. And with prejudices against blacks from a rather criminal suburb, it is harder to get out of it.
The problems are intertwined, you cannot say color of skin plays no role when it is intertwined with the problems you mention.
In other countries, it might be other factors, as religion (Catholics in Northern Ireland, Muslims in France, or even Germany ...). Or anything else.