vossler said:
Well I keep hearing how reptiles begat mammals, yet each species of mammal-like reptile that has been found appears suddenly in the fossil record and is not preceded by the species that is directly ancestral to it. I'm sure you can come up with something that in your mind meets your criteria as a transitional form. But I do know this; there is anything but universal acceptance of it even in the secular scientific community.
Most species appear suddenly in the fossil record because most of the time we have no fossils from a species at all. Fossilization is really, really rare in the first place, most fossils that have formed are not recoverable (too deeply buried in rock--fossil exploration is done at sites of erosion which have brought them near to the surface), and most recoverable fossils have not been recovered yet. I have heard estimates that the many many fossils that have been found represent barely 1% of those still to be found.
We will never have a complete fossil record. So asking for a fine-grained preservation of species-to-species transitions is just being obstinate. It is like saying that if I have documentation of my mother's birth and my great-grandmother's birth, but not of my grandmother's birth, I have no evidence that my great-grandmother and my mother are related.
As it happens, the reptile-mammal transition is one of the best documented transitions in the fossil record. Although there are no species-to-species transitions, there are a number of genus-to-genus transitions, and a nearly complete line of family-to-family transitions. The transitions are traced morphologically by changes in the shape and placement of bones and teeth (which also provide evidence of muscle attachements, diet, brain size, locomotion etc.) The link below gives an outline of the transitional species found so far. At the beginning there is a list of what the morphological differences are between ancient reptiles and modern mammals, so as you read through the descriptions you can be on alert for what changes to look for. I especially recommend careful reading of what is happening in the area of the jaw joint between the appearance of
Cynognathus 240 mya and the appearance of
Peramus 155 mya. Please explain to me why this is not evidence of transition.
http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-transitional/part1b.html#mamm
I guess it depends on what you think a good percentage is.
My point was that the proportion of theists in the scientific community is not so small as to discount it. (e.g. 2-3%) Although it does appear that theists are in a minority, it is still a significant minority.
Compare it to politics. Typically a US president (even in an undisputed election) is elected on the basis of 35-45% of votes cast. This is because the electoral college system automatically discounts part of the popular vote.
Of course, since only about half of eligible voters vote, and since many citizens don't even register to vote, the president is actually elected by a proportion of US citizens which is much smaller than the proportion of scientists who are theists. (btw when it comes to translating votes into representation, the Canadian system fares just as poorly. So I am not being anti-American here.)
No disagreement?!?!?! Let's at least attempt to be genuine o.k? There is a vast amount of disagreement within the scientific community who actually do profess to be Christians.
I am being very genuine. Creationists typically misunderstand/misrepresent disputes in the scientific community. For example, when you read creationist material on the Punctuated Equilibrium controversy, they give the impression that the very foundation of evolution was being called into question. Actually it was a tempest in the teapot about
where evolution occurs and
at what rate evolution occurs. Both the PE and neo-D camp were in full agreement that evolution is a fact and the theory of evolution is sound in its basic principles.
A biologist who used to post frequently on the C&E forum explained how science works by answering the big questions first, and then moves on to smaller and smaller questions:
lucaspa said:
The first big question raised by the theory of evolution is this:
1. Are species specially created or do they arise by changes in existing species?
Today it is non-controversial to note that new species arise by changes in existing species. We have observed it many times in nature and replicated speciation in the laboratory. Evolution is a fact. No question about that at all.
So then we come to the next big question.
2. What is the major way of change?
Darwin proposed the answer which still stands: natural selection. The evidence is overwhelming. This is not to dispute the role of mutations or the existence of genetic drift and other non-selective mechanisms. Only to point out that natural selection is the principal driver of evolution, with other mechanisms playing the role of assistants.
But now comes a new question:
3. What is the major mode of speciation?
In this case there are three answers: phyletic gradualism, allopatric and sympatric speciation. All of these have been verified by observation and experiment as you have seen.
Now we can pose a new question:
4. Which one of those happened the most in the past?
To this question we do not yet have an answer. Darwinists plump for phyletic gradualism, PEs for allopatric cladistic speciation.
But the thing to notice is this. Would either answer to question 4 change any of the answers to the first 3 questions?
No, they would not. Our 4th level question is a smaller question, more focused and specific. It presumes we already know the answers to 1, 2 and 3 and builds on the known answers to those questions.
http://www.christianforums.com/t726062&page=121
I expect that if you attempt to document a "vast amount of disagreement" within the scientific community, it will all turn out to be disagreement on these sorts of small questions, not on the big ones.
But feel free to provide examples.
If science claims that evolution is truth how is it that they can do this without proving it?
What science claims is that evolution happens. This has been established by direct observation and experiment and so is proven.
Science also claims that the theory of evolution is a credible model of how evolution happens, has happened in the past and will continue to happen as long as species exist. The reason it is claimed to be a credible model is because it fits with the evidence in three ways: 1) it explains evidence that was already known in Darwin's day as well as much that has been discovered since; 2) it has a track record of making accurate predictions of evidence not discovered at the time the prediction was made, and 3) no evidence discovered to date calls it into question.
These are the essential characteristics of a good scientific theory. And while it is technically true that no theory is ever proven, when a theory is very well established on all three criteria, the probability that it is not true is considered so slight that scientists consider it true for all practical purposes. That doesn't mean they won't change their minds if overwhelming evidence to the contrary is found. All scientific truth is accepted provisionally as the best summation of scientific knowledge on the subject given evidence available today. It is never considered to be absolute truth.
Not a fair comparison at all. Forensic, criminal and medical sciences all concern themselves with things that have happened in the very recent past. If you don't see the difference to ability of accurately stating what happened a week ago compared to a billion years ago well then you really do have blinders on.
No, the time factor makes no difference as long as the evidence exists in the present. The only way time enters into it is that over a long stretch of time, evidence tends to disappear, so there is less of it to build a case on, and the case becomes less certain. But crucial evidence can disappear in just a week too. Consider how fast records can be erased from computer systems while hard copies are fed to shredders.
Forensic principles apply as long as evidence exists in the present, no matter what time period the original event is related to.
I hope you don't think that the Bible only speaks about what we need to know to be saved. It says far, far more than that.
Sure, but it still does not give us knowledge about everything. Or maybe I missed that recipe for rhubarb and strawberry pie?
My interpretation is based not on my personal beliefs but on the actual Word of God.
But it is your personal belief that your interpretation of scripture aligns with the actual Word of God.
How did I come to this belief, through good bibilically based hermanuetics. If you'd like to discuss this topic from this point of view and not a scientific one I'd be more than happy to.
I have no problem with good biblically based hermeneutics, but I expect we would have many disagreements on applying them. As I see it, hermeneutics tells very much against a literal interpretation of Genesis creation accounts.
Interesting...
How about just this:
Without science could any man realistically determine that evolution took place? If you're honest you would say no. Then it would be safe to say the science changed the interpretation of God's Word and therefore took precedent. So it really doesn't come down to my personal reading of scripture because I'm not the one taking liberties with the text, you are. Therefore, it is you that must, beyond a shadow of a doubt, clearly and convincingly, prove your point. Your task is great because the Word of God is clear and without ambiguity.
I am honest. The answer is "no". That evolution took (and takes) place was determined through scientific investigation. Yes, science changed the
interpretation of God's Word, and not for the first time either. It did not change God's Word, which, of course, is always consistent with truth.
If this were not so, we would have to say that God's Word was not consistent with the earth in orbit around the sun, until this was shown by science to be the case. For the interpretation of scripture prior to that time was that it supported the concept of the sun orbiting a stationary earth. Are we taking liberties with the text because we changed our interpretation of scripture to match the facts of nature?
Changing an interpretation of scripture to agree with what we know to be true does not take us away from God's Word. It takes us closer to God's Word, for God's Word always aligns with the truth. Only our interpretations of God's Word can be fallible.
And evidently God's Word is not always clear because we do struggle to understand it.
And scripture is often ambiguous. Otherwise we would have no doctrinal disputes and no separate denominations, for we would all agree on such matters as how many sacraments there are, whether baptism must always be by immersion, how church government should be structured, and many more points.