Heh, you have it posted as if I said those.
VanBuren = Van-beur-ren, so aside from seeming to elongate the u, you got it very close. Beur sounds like saying the word "be" and yer/yur together as one syllable, like if the second e in beer was changed to a u.
Allegan = Al-leg-an, with Al like the name. I am shocked you didn't try that one and yet you tried Auglaize. The only other way I could imagine a person thinking it was pronounced is All-egg-an, which with some U.S. accents, they might. I give the pronunciations as they are most commonly given by people that live in those areas. I don't base it off of mine, because I've lived in multiple places both in and out of the U.S., which has derailed my accent a tad, and I pick them up so easily that my speech has been affected by talking to friends from various places. A professional might be able to tell where I spent most of my time, but they would probably erroneously think I have lived in places that I haven't, such as California.
Auglaize = Awe-glaze, awe like shock, glaze like ceramics. You were way off on that one. In the U.S., if the name of a place has origins in French, half the time it ends up becoming botched and pronounced like it is spelled.
Ashtabula = Ash-tuh-Beau-la, with Beau emphasized hard and pronounced like the start of beautiful, and tuh being like tug if the g was replaced with an h, or a t was put at the start of "uh". Besides replacing the beau with a boo, you got it right.
De Kalb = Dee cab, the l is silent. However, there is a lot of debate on this one, and some people do treat the l as having a participating sound and all it Dee cal-b, with cal like calorie and putting a hard b sound at the end of it. With certain accents, the Dee part is said so fast you'd have trouble hearing it at all.
Tippecanoe = Tippy-canoe, it lierally sounds like those words said, and it seems like you were a little off on that one.
For the sake of fairness, though, here is how I say these names, as recorded. (my recording equipment is not very good, so my voice sounds a bit higher in the recording than it actually does in person.