Exodus 21:23-25 and other passages in the Torah clearly state, “an eye for an eye”. Judaism was all about punishment in time, and throughout the Old Testament people and the nation of Israel itself was punished or reward in this life.
The idea of eternal judgment with eternal reward or punishment appeared not long before Christ.
The concept of eternal judgment is present in the OT in passages such as Isaiah 66:24 and Daniel 12:2 but it was fully developed in NT times. The OT is Christological and looks forward to the NT.
In Matthew 5:18 Jesus said, “Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.” So, the Law of God given to Moses is still in effect and that include “eye for an eye”. A measured punishment is still in effect.
Not for the Christian. Jesus fulfilled the law so we are under the Spirit. Both Romans and Galatians give a full explanation of this. For example Paul explains in Galatians that the believer no longer needs a guardian (the law).
“But before faith came, we were kept in custody under the Law, being confined for the faith that was destined to be revealed. Therefore the Law has become our guardian to lead us to Christ, so that we may be justified by faith. But now that faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian.”
Galatians 3:23-25 NASB2020
But before faith came, we were kept in custody under the Law, being confined for the faith that was destined to be revealed. Therefore the Law has become our guardian to lead us to Christ, so that we
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Furthermore, there is no justification by the works of the Law. It is by the grace of God through faith that the believer is saved not by the works of the Law.
“For the promise to Abraham or to his descendants that he would be heir of the world was not through the Law, but through the righteousness of faith. For if those who are of the Law are heirs, then faith is made void and the promise is nullified; for the Law brings about wrath, but where there is no law, there also is no violation. For this reason it is by faith, in order that it may be in accordance with grace, so that the promise will be guaranteed to all the descendants, not only to those who are of the Law, but also to those who are of the faith of Abraham, who is the father of us all,”
Romans 4:13-16 NASB2020
For the promise to Abraham or to his descendants that he would be heir of the world was not through the Law, but through the righteousness of faith. For if those who are of the Law are heirs, then fai
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Paul even goes further. The believer is free from the law of sin and death (Law of Moses) because of the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus.
“Therefore there is now no condemnation at all for those who are in Christ Jesus. For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus has set you free from the law of sin and of death. For what the Law could not do, weak as it was through the flesh, God did: sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and as an offering for sin, He condemned sin in the flesh, so that the requirement of the Law might be fulfilled in us who do not walk according to the flesh but according to the Spirit.”
Romans 8:1-4 NASB2020
Therefore there is now no condemnation at all for those who are in Christ Jesus. For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus has set you free from the law of sin and of death. For what the Law c
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There is eternal Heaven given to us by Christ, but we still must answer for our words and actions. That is punishment and reward before the Day of Judgment.
Have you not read the good news of Christ? Do you know why Christ came to die for our sins?
“But God, being rich in mercy, because of His great love with which He loved us, even when we were dead in our wrongdoings, made us alive together with Christ (by grace you have been saved), and raised us up with Him, and seated us with Him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus, so that in the ages to come He might show the boundless riches of His grace in kindness toward us in Christ Jesus. For by grace you have been saved through faith; and this is not of yourselves, it is the gift of God; not a result of works, so that no one may boast. For we are His workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand so that we would walk in them.”
Ephesians 2:4-10 NASB2020
But God, being rich in mercy, because of His great love with which He loved us, even when we were dead in our wrongdoings, made us alive together with Christ (by grace you have been saved), and raised
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There is a lot to unpack here but the message is clear. The believer is not saved by works. The believer is saved by the grace of God through faith only. No law. No works. However, because the believer is saved then in their born again state they will naturally do works but from salvation not for salvation. This process is called sanctification and it lasts a lifetime.
Secondly, at judgement time the believer will be judged by their sanctification efforts but saved nonetheless.
“According to the grace of God which was given to me, like a wise master builder I laid a foundation, and another is building on it. But each person must be careful how he builds on it. For no one can lay a foundation other than the one which is laid, which is Jesus Christ. Now if anyone builds on the foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, or straw, each one’s work will become evident; for the day will show it because it is to be revealed with fire, and the fire itself will test the quality of each one’s work. If anyone’s work which he has built on it remains, he will receive a reward. If anyone’s work is burned up, he will suffer loss; but he himself will be saved, yet only so as through fire.”
1 Corinthians 3:10-15 NASB2020
According to the grace of God which was given to me, like a wise master builder I laid a foundation, and another is building on it. But each person must be careful how he builds on it. For no one can
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Jesus stated that His yolk was comfortable and His burden is light. Enter into His rest.