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Parallels and divergences, Calvin, Luther, and Saint Augustine

FireDragon76

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The thing about Calvinists is the one thing they don't want in their salvation is a part of it. They are at great pains to avoid any hint of participation, so the sin is from Adam and the righteousness is Christ's and Christ's alone. They simply have nothing to do with it whatsoever.

It really depends on how theologically sophisticated they are. The classical Reformed ordo salutis of scholasticism places participation in election, with baptism and sanctification being signs of election, but not formal causes in the Aristotilian sense.
 
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FireDragon76

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Yes, everything is necessarily preceded by grace, including the faith by which one is justifed, and thereby regenerated. But grace is resistible. That's why our participation is crucial. Faith for example, is both: a gift and a choice.

Faith is not a choice in Lutheranism, else infants would not be fitting candidates for baptism, you'ld end up with something more like Baptist soteriology. In Lutheranism, faith is understood as a gift which one can abandon, but not something one chooses.
 
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fhansen

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Faith is not a choice in Lutheranism, else infants would not be fitting candidates for baptism, you'ld end up with something more like Baptist soteriology. In Lutheranism, faith is understood as a gift which one can abandon, but not something one chooses.
Revelation is given for those who can hear, and act upon that hearing to the extent that they’re able, to the extent that a person is capable of moral accountability. Otherwise, there’d be no reason for God to reveal Himself and His will at all. Soteriology as it pertains to infants is a whole ‘nother animal.
 
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FireDragon76

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Revelation is given for those who can hear, and act upon that hearing to the extent that they’re able, to the extent that a person is capable of moral accountability. Otherwise, there’d be no reason for God to reveal Himself and His will at all. Soteriology as it pertains to infants is a whole ‘nother animal.

This argument really falls apart under scrutiny. To claim that faith depends on a person’s “capacity for moral accountability” is just a disguised form of Pelagianism. Faith isn’t some ability we muster up or a choice we make based on our readiness; it is a pure gift of grace that precedes and enables any human response.


Lutheran theology nails this because it refuses to confuse grace with human effort. Faith is received, not performed. Anything else risks turning salvation into a meritocracy, where grace is reduced to a mere assist rather than the sovereign work it is.


So no, this isn’t a helpful distinction—it’s a theological muddle that obscures the metaphysical reality of grace and invites the very errors the Church has historically condemned. If you want to defend grace, you must defend it as unmerited, unilateral, and foundational—not as a conditional response to our supposed moral capability.
 
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fhansen

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This argument really falls apart under scrutiny. To claim that faith depends on a person’s “capacity for moral accountability” is just a disguised form of Pelagianism. Faith isn’t some ability we muster up or a choice we make based on our readiness; it is a pure gift of grace that precedes and enables any human response.


Lutheran theology nails this because it refuses to confuse grace with human effort. Faith is received, not performed. Anything else risks turning salvation into a meritocracy, where grace is reduced to a mere assist rather than the sovereign work it is.


So no, this isn’t a helpful distinction—it’s a theological muddle that obscures the metaphysical reality of grace and invites the very errors the Church has historically condemned. If you want to defend grace, you must defend it as unmerited, unilateral, and foundational—not as a conditional response to our supposed moral capability.
No, The gift of faith precedes our response but are response is optional. It works that way with all grace. God actually covets are willingness and so He approaches us first and prompts and moves us towards Himself but we can refuse- since Eden, He draws the line at making humans into some sort of Christian automatons. We can fail to answer the door when He knocks. We can fail to care when He loves us. Or we can spit back out the heavenly gift after tasting it.
 
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FireDragon76

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No, The gift of faith precedes our response but are response is optional. It works that way with all grace. God actually covets are willingness and so He approaches us first and prompts and moves us towards Himself but we can refuse- since Eden, He draws the line at making humans into some sort of Christian automatons. We can fail to answer the door when He knocks. We can fail to care when He loves us. Or we can spit back out the heavenly gift after tasting it.

If we’re talking about grace “knocking,” consider St. Paul’s encounter on the road to Damascus. It wasn’t a gentle knock—it was a blinding, earth-shattering confrontation that utterly overwhelmed him. Grace didn’t politely wait for his consent; it broke through his resistance and reshaped his entire life.

So to portray grace as a meek invitation easily ignored or “spit out” doesn’t match the biblical reality of how God moves in hearts. Grace is a powerful, sovereign act that compels transformation, not a casual offer contingent on human whim.
 
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fhansen

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If we’re talking about grace “knocking,” consider St. Paul’s encounter on the road to Damascus. It wasn’t a gentle knock—it was a blinding, earth-shattering confrontation that utterly overwhelmed him. Grace didn’t politely wait for his consent; it broke through his resistance and reshaped his entire life.
Yes, that's what happened to Paul. Was that also what happened to you? Plenty of people were specially graced all throughout the bible, for God's specific purposes according to His wisdom for the advancement of His kingdom, for the salvation of man. He continues to do so even now, but that is far from the norm for us regular folk. And even at that Paul acknowledged that he had to strive, towards his final end in heaven.
 
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Clare73

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Yes, that's what happened to Paul. Was that also what happened to you? Plenty of people were specially graced all throughout the bible, for God's specific purposes according to His wisdom for the advancement of His kingdom, for the salvation of man. He continues to do so even now, but that is far from the norm for us regular folk.
I had my own "Damascus Road."

Paul has been my favorite ever since, and John.
 
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FireDragon76

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Yes, that's what happened to Paul. Was that also what happened to you? Plenty of people were specially graced all throughout the bible, for God's specific purposes according to His wisdom for the advancement of His kingdom, for the salvation of man. He continues to do so even now, but that is far from the norm for us regular folk. And even at that Paul acknowledged that he had to strive, towards his final end in heaven.

It's not an uncommon experience. Flannery O'Connor called such moments examples of "violent grace".

You seem to be picturing the Christian life in moralistic terms, and I think that's an insufficient view of grace.
 
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Clare73

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So did I. And yet I still know I can walk away. I can still fail to love God and neighbor to put it another way.
I can "walk away" like I can jump into a pit of boiling oil. . .why would I? . . .ain't happenin'. . .the Holy Spirit indwells and keeps me in God's way (Eph 1:13-14, 2 Co 1:22, 5:5).
 
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fhansen

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It's not an uncommon experience. Flannery O'Connor called such moments examples of "violent grace".

You seem to be picturing the Christian life in moralistic terms, and I think that's an insufficient view of grace.
Not when grace is the source of true morality. It's insufficient to say that grace is limited solely to forgivness of sin. There's a response that is not only expected, but also enabled, to the extent that we remain in Him. Here's an example of the love we've been shown, now expected to be reciprocated:

"For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins." Matt 6:14-15
 
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fhansen

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I can "walk away" like I can jump into a pit of boiling oil. . .why would I? . . .ain't happenin'. . .the Holy Spirit indwells and keeps me in God's way (Eph 1:13-14, 2 Co 1:22, 5:5).
Probably won't, nor with me. But it's best to know the truth of the matter-that we can-and that's why we're warned not to. Either way, as stated repeatedly, good fruit is the surest sign of fellowship with God, any experiences or professions notwithstanding.
 
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FireDragon76

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Not when grace is the source of true morality. It's insufficient to say that grace is limited solely to forgivness of sin. There's a response that is not only expected, but also enabled, to the extent that we remain in Him. Here's an example of the love we've been shown, now expected to be reciprocated:

You're tilting at a strawman here, I am afraid. No historic Protestant believes that grace is merely about forgivess of sins. However, it was what Jesus himself consistently emphasized as being emblematic in his own ministry (along with healing), and it was also the most contentious with the religious authorities, so it's prominence shouldn't be trivialized.

"For if you forgive other people when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. But if you do not forgive others their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins." Matt 6:14-15

The specific application of that passage requires discernment, it shouldn't be understood as systemic theology. Trauma-aware theology and pastoral care would recognize that.
 
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fhansen

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You're tilting at a strawman here, I am afraid. No historic Protestant believes that grace is merely about forgivess of sins. However, it was what Jesus himself consistently emphasized as being emblematic in his own ministry (along with healing), and it was also the most contentious with the religious authorities, so it's prominence shouldn't be trivialized.
Who, where, did anyone trivialize it???
The specific application of that passage requires discernment,
It certainly does, as with all Scripture. And it's quite consistent with other passages that make it clear that man is expected to respond, and isn't forced to do so. God wants more from-and for- us than to merely forgive unrighteousness without actually restoring the justice/righteousness lost in Eden-for our highest good. He didn't create us to be sinners, after all. We have a purpose, a telos, which is intrinsically connected to salvation. To put it best, man is created to know and love God, as well as neighbor. Then justice is truly restored-and is even greater than that which He began with in His creation, in us. And love, this righteousnes, is necessarily both a gift and a choice.
 
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Xeno.of.athens

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It's all water under the bridge, but if you want to lay blame anywhere, you could lay it on the Gregorian reforms that lead to stamping out local expressions of the Christian faith, something that the Eastern churches did not permit to happen, even before the Reformation, they rejected attempts by the Pope to redefine the Faith they had received.
I think that your perspective may be reflecting an idealisation of how The Orthodox Churches function. If you look at Russia now and if you look at Ukraine now, if you look at Turkey and The Orthodox Church there and if you look at Greece, and in The United States, the ideal you present isn't quite how things work today. I do not mean to disparage any of The Orthodox Christians that I know here, nor to say things about their churches that I'm not qualified to say. Nevertheless, there is a degree of stamping out happening in Russia, there is a degree of stamping out happening in Ukraine. So, even though they are extreme examples, the practise of stamping out is not unique to mediaeval Western Catholicism.

I believe then unless we abandoned the idealisations and the pretended rightness of this or that church, including the Catholic Church there is no way ahead for ecumenical discussion. And by we, I mean participants in Christian Forums.

I also believe that history as valuable as it is and from which many lessons may be learned, will not help us in our current divisions, within Christian forums.

I do admit, there is a certain pleasure to playing the game the way it is played here. We each get to pick the history we like most, we each get to quote the Saints we most admire, we each get to pick on the alleged faults of the other churches as we please, or at least to point them out. It makes for lively debates and discussions. Tally-ho and all that ...

By the way, I wrote this at about 2:30 in the morning, so please make allowances for that. ;)
 
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FireDragon76

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I think that your perspective may be reflecting an idealisation of how The Orthodox Churches function. If you look at Russia now and if you look at Ukraine now, if you look at Turkey and The Orthodox Church there and if you look at Greece, and in The United States, the ideal you present isn't quite how things work today. I do not mean to disparage any of The Orthodox Christians that I know here, nor to say things about their churches that I'm not qualified to say. Nevertheless, there is a degree of stamping out happening in Russia, there is a degree of stamping out happening in Ukraine. So, even though they are extreme examples, the practise of stamping out is not unique to mediaeval Western Catholicism.

I believe then unless we abandoned the idealisations and the pretended rightness of this or that church, including the Catholic Church there is no way ahead for ecumenical discussion. And by we, I mean participants in Christian Forums.

I also believe that history as valuable as it is and from which many lessons may be learned, will not help us in our current divisions, within Christian forums.

I do admit, there is a certain pleasure to playing the game the way it is played here. We each get to pick the history we like most, we each get to quote the Saints we most admire, we each get to pick on the alleged faults of the other churches as we please, or at least to point them out. It makes for lively debates and discussions. Tally-ho and all that ...

By the way, I wrote this at about 2:30 in the morning, so please make allowances for that. ;)

What are you talking about? There's a difference in praxis between Serbian Orthodox and Russian Orthodox. Not just in language, but also to a certain extent, in local praxis (Serbians don't have individual patron saints, but family saints, for instance).
 
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Xeno.of.athens

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What are you talking about? There's a difference in praxis between Serbian Orthodox and Russian Orthodox. Not just in language, but also to a certain extent, in local praxis (Serbians don't have individual patron saints, but family saints, for instance).
never-mind, I probably shouldn't have said anything.
 
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Clare73

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Probably won't, nor with me. But it's best to know the truth of the matter
The truth of the matter is that we won't. . .no born again walks away, because they are kept the Holy Spirit (Eph 1:13-14, 2 Co 1:22, 5:5), whose arm is not too short.

Warnings are one of the ways God keeps the elect, who heed the warnings, while the non-elect ignore them.
 
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fhansen

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The truth of the matter is that we won't. . .no born again walks away, because they are kept the Holy Spirit (Eph 1:13-14, 2 Co 1:22, 5:5), whose arm is not too short.

Warnings are one of the ways God keeps the elect, who heed the warnings, while the non-elect ignore them.
No, warnings are how God warns us. Calling and election are never so sure that they don't need to be made sure (2 Pet 2:10). Just as no one can predict their own election with perfect certainty, neither can they predict their own perseverance. Again, good fruit is the truest indicator.
 
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