Scientists have tried to measure the age of the Earth for about 300 years, although the first attempts were based on an incorrect understanding of the physics of the problem and therefore led to wrong answers. The earliest attempts that I have found were those of Isaac Newton (1642-1727) and Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788), who estimated the a mass of iron the size of the Earth would take 50,000 to 75,000 years to cool from an incandescent state to its present temperature.
Later scientists used geological methods to estimate the age of the Earth. During the late 18th century, James Hutton (1726-1797) developed the idea of a geological cycle, and concluded from his studies of the record of the rocks that there was 'no vestige of a beginning' of the Earth's history. Charles Lyell, in Principles of Geology (1830-33), estimated that the Tertiary period had lasted about a million years. Charles Darwin, in the first edition of The Origin of Species (1859), estimated that the erosion of the Weald Dome, in south-east England, had required 300 million years. Conversely, John Phillips, in 1860 (164 years ago), used measurements of the rate of deposition of sediment by the River Ganges to estimate the age of the Earth as 96 million years.
Lord Kelvin (Sir William Thomson) (1824-1907) returned to the cooling time method and obtained estimates of 100-500 million years in 1861 and 20-30 million years in 1897. The 1897 estimate was much less than the ages obtained by geological methods.
All these estimates were invalidated in the early 20th century by the discovery of radioactivity as a source of terrestrial heat, and its application to radiometric dating. It was only 60 years after the discovery of radioactivity that Patterson measured the age of the Earth as 4550±50 million years, and this age has stood for nearly 70 years without significant alteration.