Now concerning the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ and our being gathered together to him, we ask you, brothers, [2] not to be quickly shaken in mind or alarmed, either by a spirit or a spoken word, or a letter seeming to be from us, to the effect that the day of the Lord has come. Let no one deceive you in any way. For that day will not come, unless the rebellion comes first, and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the son of destruction, [4] who opposes and exalts himself against every so-called god or object of worship, so that he takes his seat in the temple of God, proclaiming himself to be God. (2 Thessalonians 2:3-4, ESV)
The unfortunate predominance of dispensationalism among American Protestants has led to a proliferation of erroneous interpretations of the above passage. To understand its true meaning, and its implications for the present discussion, it is necessary to understand, first, what Paul is referring to when he mentions the temple of God and, second, the traditions out of which this teaching arises and to which Paul instructs the Thessalonians to stand firm (v. 15).
When Paul speaks of the temple of God, he is not referring to a building of stone and mortar. The Temple in Jerusalem was destined to fall some twenty years after Paul wrote his two letters to Thessalonica. Jesus himself had predicted its fall, and with words so emphatic as to make clear that no such structure would ever be built again (Matthew 24:1-2). The temple of God to which Paul refers is of a vastly different substance than the perishable stones which constituted the Jerusalem structure. Consider these examples from the Pauline corpus:
According to the grace of God given to me, like a skilled master builder I laid a foundation, and someone else is building upon it. Let each one take care how he builds upon it. [11] For no one can lay a foundation other than that which is laid, which is Jesus Christ. [12] Now if anyone builds on the foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, straw [13] each one's work will become manifest, for the Day will disclose it, because it will be revealed by fire, and the fire will test what sort of work each one has done. [14] If the work that anyone has built on the foundation survives, he will receive a reward. [15] If anyone's work is burned up, he will suffer loss, though he himself will be saved, but only as through fire.
[16] Do you not know that you are God's temple and that God's Spirit dwells in you? [17] If anyone destroys God's temple, God will destroy him. For God's temple is holy, and you are that temple. (1 Corinthians 3:10-17, ESV)
Or do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit within you, whom you have from God? You are not your own, [20] for you were bought with a price. So glorify God in your body. (1 Corinthians 6:19-20, ESV)
So then you are no longer strangers and aliens, but you are fellow citizens with the saints and members of the household of God, [20] built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus himself being the cornerstone, [21] in whom the whole structure, being joined together, grows into a holy temple in the Lord. [22] In him you also are being built together into a dwelling place for God by the Spirit. (Ephesians 2:19-22, ESV)
If the temple of God, in the Pauline context, is not a building made by human hands but, in fact, the inner human self which God is shaping and molding into his perfect image and likeness through the indwelling of his Spirit, who, then, is the man of lawlessness? Here, we see the absolute necessity of knowing the traditions which Paul was passing along to the Thessalonians and, like those early believers, holding fast to them. These are not traditions of men, built up layer upon layer from one generation to the next. On the contrary, they are the inspired traditions of the law and the prophets, the very Word of God which is made incarnate in Christ.
What Paul is communicating to the Thessalonians is perhaps the most ancient teaching in all of Scripture.
Now the serpent was more crafty than any other beast of the field that the Lord God had made.
He said to the woman, "Did God actually say, 'You shall not eat of any tree in the garden'?" [2] And the woman said to the serpent, "We may eat of the fruit of the trees in the garden, [3] but God said, 'You shall not eat of the fruit of the tree that is in the midst of the garden, neither shall you touch it, lest you die.' " [4] But the serpent said to the woman, "You will not surely die. [5] For God knows that when you eat of it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil." [6] So when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was to be desired to make one wise, she took of its fruit and ate, and she also gave some to her husband who was with her, and he ate. [7] Then the eyes of both were opened, and they knew that they were naked. And they sewed fig leaves together and made themselves loincloths.
[8] And they heard the sound of the Lord God walking in the garden in the cool of the day, and the man and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the Lord God among the trees of the garden. (Genesis 3:1-8, ESV)
In the account of the fall, we see Pauls entire Day of the Lord scenario enacted. Adam and Eve commit an act of rebellion, having believed the lie of the serpent that, in so doing, they will be like God, knowing good and evil. It is the same old lie that continues to lead many to destruction to this day: Eat from the tree and you will be like God. You will be better than God. You will be God! Just do it!
But, contrary to Satans lie, Adam and Eve did not become like God, knowing good and evil. The same is true for us. Once the rebellion occurs, our eyes are opened and we see our nakedness, our inner man of lawlessness exposed! Every intention of the thoughts of our heart has become only evil continually (Genesis 6:5). The presence of the Lord God, who created us in his image to live in his presence forever, now inspires fear and we seek a place to hide our shameful, wicked selves. We have become enslaved by sin, fear and, finally, deathnot because we have been overcome by outside forces, but because our inner being has become corrupted. Jesus reminded his disciples of this reality.
Do you not see that whatever goes into the mouth passes into the stomach and is expelled? [18] But what comes out of the mouth proceeds from the heart, and this defiles a person. [19] For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false witness, slander. [20] These are what defile a person. But to eat with unwashed hands does not defile anyone." (Matthew 15:17-20, ESV)
He also had some stern words for the Pharisees, exposing their false piety.
Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you are like whitewashed tombs, which outwardly appear beautiful, but within are full of dead people's bones and all uncleanness. [28] So you also outwardly appear righteous to others, but within you are full of hypocrisy and lawlessness. (Matthew 23:27-28, ESV)
To put it in simplest terms, the man of lawlessness is our own false selfthe inner orientation toward rebelliousness and sinwhich seeks to supplant our true selfthe inner orientation toward holiness and righteousness which is the perfect reflection of the Imago Dei. In Christ, God has provided us with the only means through which our true self can emerge victorious over our false self. But it does not come about through the instant gratification and cheap grace which is so often preached as salvation in the church today. Christ comes to destroy our inner man of lawlessness, take his proper place as Lord of our whole being, and cover the shame of our nakedness with the splendor of his glorious presence.