Paul stated that we establish the Torah (Romans 3:31)
Paul is talking about how we are to serve in newness of Spirit and not in the oldness of the letter (Romans 7:6). Paul is talking about God's laws today under the New Covenant and not the Old Covenant.
You said:
Paul taught from the Torah (Acts 28:23)
Persuading them of Jesus by expounding upon the Law of Moses is not the same as saying that they needed to keep the Law of Moses. The law was a school master to bring us unto Christ. "But after that faith is come, we are no longer under a schoolmaster." (Galatians 3:25).
"Wherefore, my brethren, ye also are become dead
to the law by the body of Christ; " (Romans 7:4).
"But now we are delivered from the law," (Romans 7:6).
You said:
Paul obeyed the Torah (Acts 21:24, Romans 7:25)
Paul took delight in the Torah (Romans 7:22)
Paul said the Torah is holy (Romans 7:12)
Paul said the Torah is spiritual (Romans 7:14)
Acts of the Apostles 21:24 is talking about an evangelization tactic for Israelite believers so as to win over the Jews.
20 And when they heard it, they glorified the Lord, and said unto him, Thou seest, brother, how many thousands of Jews there are which believe; and they are all zealous of the law:
21 And they are informed of thee, that thou teachest all the Jews which are among the Gentiles to forsake Moses, saying that they ought not to circumcise their children, neither to walk after the customs.
22 What is it therefore? the multitude must needs come together: for they will hear that thou art come.
23 Do therefore this that we say to thee: We have four men which have a vow on them;
24 Them take, and purify thyself with them, and be at charges with them, that they may shave their heads: and all may know that those things, whereof they were informed concerning thee, are nothing; but that thou thyself also walkest orderly, and keepest the law.
25 As touching the Gentiles which believe, we have written and concluded that they observe no such thing, save only that they keep themselves from things offered to idols, and from blood, and from strangled, and from fornication.
26 Then Paul took the men, and the next day purifying himself with them entered into the temple, to signify the accomplishment of the days of purification, until that an offering should be offered for every one of them."
(
Acts of the Apostles 21:20-26).
Please take note that the Gentiles in verse 25 were not commanded to observe such Jewish customs or things. The commands to Gentiles was different.
But again, Paul makes it clear that if we seek to be justified by the Law, we have fallen from grace (Galatians 5:4). So obeying the Old Law as a part of salvation means one would be fallen from grace by doing so. So the Jewish believers who were told to observe the Old Law were not doing these things to be saved. They merely did this so as to gain the Jews.
"And unto the Jews I became as a Jew, that I might gain the Jews; to them that are under the law, as under the law, that I might gain them that are under the law;" (1 Corinthians 9:20).
As for your mention of Romans 7:22, Romans 7:12, Romans 7:14:
Well, in Romans 7:14-24:
Paul is talking from his perspective as a Pharisee when he was under the Law before he met Jesus Christ. Paul talked about how he could not overcome sin while trying to be justified by trying to keep the Old Law alone under the false Pharisee religion.
Romans 8:2-4 talks about how a New Covenant law called: "
The law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus" has made him free from the Old Law of "
sin and death." The Old Law is called the "
Law of sin and death" because you could face capital punishment by God's people for breaking certain laws (within the Law of Moses). Such is not the case under the New Covenant today. For we do not go around stoning believers for breaking God's laws. Verse 3 says what the Law could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh (See Paul's struggle as a Pharisee in Romans 7:14-24) God sent the Son (Jesus) to condemn sin in the flesh to offer man the free gift of salvation, so that the righteous aspect of part of the Old Law can be fulfilled in us who walk not after the flesh but after the Spirit.
2 "For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus hath made me free from the law of sin and death.
3 For what the law could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh, God sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and for sin, condemned sin in the flesh:
4 That the righteousness of the law might be fulfilled in us, who walk not after the flesh, but after the Spirit." (Romans 8:2-4).
The righteous aspect of part of the Old Law (the Moral Law) is fulfilled by us loving our neighbor (See Romans 13:8-10). But we first must put ye on the Lord Jesus Christ so as not to fulfill the lusts of the flesh (See Romans 13:14).
As for Romans 7:25:
The Good News Translation (GNT) says this.
"Thanks be to God, who does this through our Lord Jesus Christ! This, then, is my condition: on my own I can serve God's law only with my mind, while my human nature serves the law of sin." (Romans 7:25) (GNT).
In other words, Paul says that on his own without Jesus Christ, he will try and serve God's law in his mind but his body will still struggle with sin. This is because as a Pharisee, he did not yet put on the Lord Jesus Christ so as not to fulfill the lusts of the flesh (Romans 13:14).
You said:
Paul said not to judge anyone observing the Torah (Colossians 2:16-17)
I have no problem in anyone observing the Sabbaths or holy days. The problem is when they say it is a salvation issue. Paul is clear that if we seek to be justified by the Old Law, we have fallen from grace (Galatians 5:4).
You said:
Paul said that doers of the Torah are justified (Romans 2:13)
Paul was making a point of how only those who can keep God's laws are justified.
But Paul says we are dead to the Old Law.
"Wherefore, my brethren, ye also are become dead to the law by the body of Christ; " (Romans 7:4).
Paul says we are delivered from the Old Law.
"But now we are delivered from the law,..." (Romans 7:6).
You said:
Paul said teachers who break the Torah dishonor Yahweh and blaspheme His name (Romans 2:21-24)
The Moral Law, like "do not steal," "do not commit adultery," etc. are laws or commands that are repeated or given to us under the New Covenant. Paul draws on the moral law to make a point. The point is that we cannot seek to be saved by Law alone or the Old Law.
"for if there had been a law given which could have given life, verily righteousness should have been by the law." (Galatians 3:21).
You said:
Paul said we learn what sin is from the Torah (Romans 3:20, Romans 7:7)
Paul taught that being under grace is not a license to break the Torah (Romans 6:15)
In Romans 3:20, I believe Paul is talking generically of the Law (through out all of time). Paul's point is that all have sinned and come short of the glory of God so they need a Savior like Jesus to wipe the slate clean so they can walk uprightly by following the commands given to them by Jesus and His followers.
In Romans 7:7, Paul is pointing out how while the Old Law is not sinful (because you can still obey it), He is stressing the keeping of the Moral aspect of the Law here (like, "Do not murder," "Do not covet," etc.) and not the ceremonial laws (Like the Saturday Sabbath, circumcision, and the dietary laws, etc.) that are no more binding for believers under the New Covenant.
As for Romans 6:15:
Well, Romans 6:15 says,
"What then? shall we sin, because we are not under the law, but under grace? God forbid."
Now, you believe we are under the Law. But Paul says we are not under the Old Law by saying, shall we sin because we are not under the Law? Paul is obviously talking about breaking the Moral Law under the New Covenant when it comes to his reference of "sin" here and he is referencing how we are not under the Old Covenant Law (as a whole) when he says the words "we are not under the law." For Romans 7:6 says we are to serve in NEWNESS Spirit and NOT in the oldness of the letter. We obviously cannot break God's laws and still say we know the Lord (1 John 2:4) who is the source of our salvation (1 John 5:12).