I am a biology major, not a physics major. I give a great deal of doubt to pretty much all things physics, I just don't find most of your alternative ideas to the mainstream to be all that great.
Well, EU/PC theory is "great", primarily in the sense that it is strictly based upon empirical cause/effect demonstrations of "evidence", and it's core tenets work in the lab as Birkeland demonstrated. In that sense it's also better than most other hypothetical areas of physics.
Physical properties of the universe are measured directly when one measures their influence on matter and energy, so I don't see how that isn't empirical.
We can count the number of human beings that have written about something they call "God", and it's influence on their lives. We can measure things like that. Likewise, we can measure the amount of lensing that is occurring in spacetime, but it tells us nothing about the nature of the mass that is doing the lensing without making a host of assumptions related to the accuracy of our mass estimates.
Also, given that you have expressed such an issue with a perceived lack of empiricalness in physics, I don't see why you make exceptions for god.
Actually, I don't necessarily make that specific exception as it relates to the topic of God, although admittedly there may be another explanation for God than the one that I personally prefer (a purely empirical one).
Your argument is more for doubting physics than giving the existence of god any credence.
Well, it's more than that. Actually there's an important distinction as it relates to the concept of cause/effect demonstrations of evidence as it is used in 'science' as a whole (not just in biology). There's an issue here related to empirically demonstrating the cause/effect claim being made in "science". Science outside of biology and circuit theory uses much more "lax" standards of evidence. You cannot therefore run around claiming that belief in God is an "unscientific" position or an unscientific belief.
For instance, in expansion theories of the universe, only photon redshift is "observed" on Earth. There are various subjective ways to "interpret" that observation of photon redshift. Hubble himself preferred a tired light explanation to that phenomenon.
Somewhere at it's limits, both at the largest and smallest scales, the effect itself becomes the evidence, but there is no certain control mechanism to empirically demonstrate the cause/effect relationship.
One can demonstrate an empirical cause effect relationship between inelastic scattering in the lab, and tangible amounts of photon redshift in the lab. One cannot however demonstrate that space does any expansion tricks in a lab, or that "space expansion" has any tangible/empirical effect on a photon.
One "claimed cause" for the "effect" of photon redshift can be directly linked to an empirical cause in a lab (inelastic scattering), whereas the other "claimed cause" cannot be directly demonstrated in a lab, and is more of an "act of faith" in a process that cannot occur on Earth.
Witness accounts have been demonstrated countless times to be unreliable, and the sense of a "higher power" cannot be measured in that we can't measure what they claim to be sensing.
Well, maybe that will change as we better study the effects on the brain of meditation, and have made more scientific attempts to image such a "sense of a higher power" while individuals are undergoing real time brain scans. Humans convey a lot of information non verbally, which is why online communication can lead to so much confusion.
This psychological phenomenon can even be artificially induced with the power of suggestion. There is no reason to think that these claims are reliable evidence for deities of any sort.
The same criticism might apply to one's "faith" (or lack thereof) in concepts like space expansion. If you don't buy the power of the Jedi mind trick based upon the power of suggestion, you don't really see much empirically demonstrated reason to put much credence in ideas like space expansion.
It's also technically impossible to go by one's own personal experiences (or lack thereof) in personal experiences of God, anymore than it would be feasible to "assume" that everyone that claims to observe a kangaroo in the 19th century was necessarily crazy simply because you'd personally never seen one.
Also, we know how normal matter will bend light, should it be in such a perspective to do so.
Ok.
Our observations of how dark matter does it don't match any known regular matter, and how many elements we know of make it unlikely for the cause to be some unknown element of regular matter.
Actually no. Any type of ordinary matter bends light, and we now know that they simply underestimated the amount of stars and other ordinary plasma in those galaxy clusters. Astronomers simply assumed their mass estimates were correct in 2006, but they were not even in the right ballpark.
But, what puzzles me is how you doubt the existence of dark matter so much, and yet presume that a belief in deities is more logical.
Technically Panentheism (my preferred definition of God) requires no exotic forms of matter, no exotic forms of energy, nothing particularly exotic in terms of ascribing awareness to the universe itself that isn't repeated here on Earth in countless forms all over this planet.
In terms of exotic matter claims, *all known* matter bends light. Their baryonic mass "guestimates" in 2006 were riddled with countless flaws, and they simply weren't even in the right ballpark in terms of the amount of ordinary plasma that they were looking at. Any ordinary form of plasma would do the trick in terms of the lensing data, and with 20/20 hindsight we now know that they botched the stellar mass estimates by between 3 and 20 times.
One can technically hold belief in a purely empirical definition of God *as the physical universe*, and there is still no requirement for anything that cannot be "seen" or experienced right here on Earth. I don't even need "dark" anything to hold faith in an empirical definition of the term God, and I simply see no evidence of long lived "cold dark matter" particles from the lab, or from observations from space.
I am, by practice, a biologist. But, I recognize indirect cause and effect, and if you do as well, how the heck is dark matter so illogical to you?
The "effect" of this hypothetical particle is "assumed". In other words you assume it causes photons to be "curved" by the mass your hypothetical invisible thing, but somehow light magically passes through it unscathed. No hypothetical form of matter is necessary to explain lensing patterns in space, particularly now that we know how badly they botched their stellar mass estimates in 2006.
Even dark energy is based upon a now falsified premise.
If 95 percent of a theory is based upon falsified premises, it's definitely time to go back to the empirical drawing board and start over.