And in that "less than six years later," how much damage was done as far as duping the general public into believing biological evolution had been reinforced with this "new discovery"?
Very little, I suspect. Did anybody ever teach you that 'Nebraska man' and 'Piltdown man' were ape-men or human ancestors? I was certainly never taught that, and I was in my second year at primary school when Piltdown man was exposed as a fake. (As if it matters, I remember that a lot of my time at primary school was taken up by religious teaching.)
Also, I own a pro-evolutionary book that was published in 1937, and an article by A.S. Keith in the 1929 edition of the
Encyclopaedia Britannica, and they show that there was much public opposition to evolutionary ideas, even though at that time Piltdown man was thought to be genuine. Raymond Dart's discovery of
Australopithecus in 1924 was met with the same public opposition and disbelief. In the light of these facts, what makes you think that the general public had been 'duped' into believing in biological evolution?
I like how you worded it:
"Officially announced in April 1922."
"Retracted in December 1927."
In other words, all over Page One in 1922, retracted with a sentence or two on Page Four in 1927.
And, no less, when the general public was more occupied with Christmas, than reading about some biological mistake.
Let me cite the references, so that you can see the dates and the page numbers.
Anonymous, 1922. "Nebraska's 'Ape-man of the western world',"
The New York Times, Sept. 17, sect. 7, p. 1.
Anonymous, 1928a. "Nebraska ape tooth proved a wild pig's",
The New York Times, Feb. 20, p. 1.
Anonymous, 1928b. "Peccavis and peccaries",
The New York Times, Feb. 21, p. 24.
Anonymous, 1928c. "
Hesperopithecus dethroned",
The Times (London), Feb. 21, p. 16.
Anonymous, 1928d. "
Hesperopithecus".
The Times, London, Feb. 25, p. 13.
Forestier, A., 1922. "The earliest man tracked by a tooth: An 'astounding discovery' of human remains in Pliocene strata (A reconstruction drawing by A. Forestier)",
The Illustrated London News, June 24, pp. 942-943.
Gregory, W.K., 1927. "
Hesperopithecus apparently not an ape or a man",
Science, n.s. 66, pp.579-581.
Osborn, H.F., 1922b. '
Hesperopithecus, the first anthropoid primate found in America',
American Museum Novitates,
37, 1-5.
Osborn, 1922c.
Hesperopithecus, the first anthropid primate found in America',
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
8, 245-6.
Osborn, 1922d.
Hesperopithecus, the anthropid primate of western Nebraska',
Nature,
110, 281-3.
Notice that the retraction in February 1928 (not at Christmas time) was on page 1 of the
New York Times, and that Gregory's retraction in
Science took up three pages.