smaneck
Baha'i
There is no Ordained clergy or a priesthood in Islam. Iran differs from Sunni in this respect. As Iran does have a very powerful Priesthood and Clergy.
It is not technically a priesthood even in Iran. A priest performs rituals, sacrifices and serves as mediators between God and the laity. There is no such thing in Islam whether Sunni or Shi'ite. However, the 'ulama in Shi'ism have an extraordinary amount of power for two reasons:
1. Shi'ites believe that the 'gate of interpretation' is still open, but it is open only for the 'ulama who alone can make authoritative interpretations of Islamic law. The 'ulama who are authorized to make such interpretations are called mujtahids. Lay believers may decide for themselves which mujtahid's rulings to follow, but they must pick one. A mujtahid with a sufficient following is known as a Ayatollah. More recently the concept of a marja taqlid has emerged. This is an Ayatollah whose rulings are followed by the consensus of other Ayatollahs. This is the position Khomeini held as well as the current Supreme Leader.
2. The second element is the power given to clerics in secular matters. Towards the end of the Safavid period in the eighteen century the concept developed that in the absence of the Hidden Imam the 'ulama had the right to act on the Imam's behalf and that ultimate political power should therefore be in their hands. For the next two centuries this remained a minority opinion within Shi'ism, most Shi'ites correctly believing that in the absence of the Mahdi, there was simply no just government. During the Constitutional Revolution in Iran (1909) they even argued that democracy would be the least unjust and therefore was preferrable. However, Khomeini succeeded in making the minority opinion regarding the 'ulama's right to rule the position of the majority. The result is what we see in Iran today.
Incidentally, the background behind the Baha'i insistence on the independent investigation of truth is to prevent the mujtahid/taqlid relationship between clerics and laity found in Shi'ite Islam.
warmest, Susan
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