I see his point though, and I agree with it.
If life doesn't return the same amount of energy it acquires to function, then it is using up energy -- period.
AV, entropy and energy are not the same things. Entropy is a subset of energy: entropy is energy available
to do work.
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I might turn a flashlight on (closed system) and watch the batteries run down; but even if it was a solar-powered flashlight, it is still not return the same amount of energy back to the universe than it is taking.
Actually, it is. The energy in the batteries is returning to the universe. However, that energy is in the form of photons that are not capable of doing any work.
The batteries represent low entropy. The energy in them can heat a filament to produce visible light (the work). However, the filament is also producing a large amount of "random" heat, which is
not work. The visible light photons, in turn, are striking objects. Some of those photons are reflected back to our eyes (the work). Most of those photons, however, interact with the matter they strike and are eventually turned into heat unable to do work.
The photons that hit your eyes interacts with chemicals in your retinal cells, producing depolarization of nerves into your brain and depolarization of neurons in your brain. All these signals, too, eventually go to random energy unable to do work.
So, again, the
energy stays constant. If it did not, that would be a violation of the 1st Law of Thermodynamics. But the
entropy or portion of that energy able to do work, is lost.
It is made more confusing by the terms. The more energy available to do work is called "
lower" entropy. When there is little energy to do work, that is called "
increased" entropy. So, when entropy increases there is less energy available to do work. When entropy is low, then there is a lot of energy available to do work.