I was going to answer the 'Souls - What, Where, & When?' thread but the mods moved it over here, and forum rules keep me from posting in it. :-(
I am an atheist, but this does not keep me from having a definition of what I think the term 'soul' means. That said, I saw a fair number of people posting the idea of an individual being composed of a 'soul' a 'spirit' and a 'body'. I'll try to expand my definition to include these.
The body is a corporeal form that provides interaction with the physical world.
The spirit has two different definitions that I see: It's the mediating force between body and soul, a non-real force that only exists to facilitate the communication between soul and body during the time of life. OR It's the soul after separating from the body, much like a meteoroid is an asteroid after it enters the earth's atmosphere.
The soul is the meat of human existence, except it has no meat.
This is the seat of all those classically 'human' properties- Cognizance, Original Thought, Morality, A connection to god. It's capable of existing in some way separate from the body, but it's connection to the body is mediated through the spirit. We say 'he's full of spirit' and mean he has great energy, we say 'the eyes are windows to the soul' and mean that you can see the true self of someone through their eyes.
The crux of this seems to be the existence of a soul, and I feel the proof and likelihood fall very heavily on the side of a soul not existing- that is all the qualities assigned to the soul being ascribable to physical/biological processes and so making the existence of a soul superfluous and indeed making it's inclusion in the human composition an excessively complicated idea.
I personally believe that all those human traits are a result of the properties of the neurons, their synapses, and the interconnection of them within the brain. A single neuron is representative of an agent in intelligent agent theory, and due to the simple summar/complex connection structure of the brain these very simple agents are capable of assembly into highly complex structures capable of producing cognizance, memory, pattern recognition, original thought, and any other quality we humans (and indeed many animals) appear to posses. Therefore the actual human, the 'soul' as you might call it is in actuality the interplay of synaptic weights, neural interconnections, and neuronal structure.
Given this, I can hypothetically create a division between the 'consciousness' and the 'body' even though the consciousness is a resultant property of a particular organ within the body. One is a logical, a virtual construct while the other is the physical form, and this is critical to many of my transhumanist beliefs, namely the idea of uploading wherein a person 'uploads' his consciousness into another medium whether it be a computer or another body. This is accomplished by essentially copying the neural structure into the new media and facilitating the transition of that logical, virtual state between them through a gradual process that involves the systematic shutdown of the old media and the equivalent systematic startup of the new media so that the logical construct at certain points exists across both media.
Isn't that a soul? You might ask. No, it's got one critical difference, the consciousness is a property of the physical media, the 'body' and so it cannot exist without a body. Further, upon death the neurological structure of the brain begins to break down within minutes as neurons die from oxygen deprivation, so a preservation of this structure is impossible using every modern technique; even the idea of uploading is hypothetical and has a decent chance of not being possible- not to mention it would probably take more time to upload than the brain has once clinical death sets in. Attempting an upload once clinical death sets in would probably copy the consciousness rather than upload it, and in my opinion, a copy is a new individual no matter how closely it resembles the original.
I am an atheist, but this does not keep me from having a definition of what I think the term 'soul' means. That said, I saw a fair number of people posting the idea of an individual being composed of a 'soul' a 'spirit' and a 'body'. I'll try to expand my definition to include these.
The body is a corporeal form that provides interaction with the physical world.
The spirit has two different definitions that I see: It's the mediating force between body and soul, a non-real force that only exists to facilitate the communication between soul and body during the time of life. OR It's the soul after separating from the body, much like a meteoroid is an asteroid after it enters the earth's atmosphere.
The soul is the meat of human existence, except it has no meat.
The crux of this seems to be the existence of a soul, and I feel the proof and likelihood fall very heavily on the side of a soul not existing- that is all the qualities assigned to the soul being ascribable to physical/biological processes and so making the existence of a soul superfluous and indeed making it's inclusion in the human composition an excessively complicated idea.
I personally believe that all those human traits are a result of the properties of the neurons, their synapses, and the interconnection of them within the brain. A single neuron is representative of an agent in intelligent agent theory, and due to the simple summar/complex connection structure of the brain these very simple agents are capable of assembly into highly complex structures capable of producing cognizance, memory, pattern recognition, original thought, and any other quality we humans (and indeed many animals) appear to posses. Therefore the actual human, the 'soul' as you might call it is in actuality the interplay of synaptic weights, neural interconnections, and neuronal structure.
Given this, I can hypothetically create a division between the 'consciousness' and the 'body' even though the consciousness is a resultant property of a particular organ within the body. One is a logical, a virtual construct while the other is the physical form, and this is critical to many of my transhumanist beliefs, namely the idea of uploading wherein a person 'uploads' his consciousness into another medium whether it be a computer or another body. This is accomplished by essentially copying the neural structure into the new media and facilitating the transition of that logical, virtual state between them through a gradual process that involves the systematic shutdown of the old media and the equivalent systematic startup of the new media so that the logical construct at certain points exists across both media.
Isn't that a soul? You might ask. No, it's got one critical difference, the consciousness is a property of the physical media, the 'body' and so it cannot exist without a body. Further, upon death the neurological structure of the brain begins to break down within minutes as neurons die from oxygen deprivation, so a preservation of this structure is impossible using every modern technique; even the idea of uploading is hypothetical and has a decent chance of not being possible- not to mention it would probably take more time to upload than the brain has once clinical death sets in. Attempting an upload once clinical death sets in would probably copy the consciousness rather than upload it, and in my opinion, a copy is a new individual no matter how closely it resembles the original.