Hey guys, here's an interesting bit from an essay I found here:
http://www.detectingdesign.com/kennethmiller.html#Irreducible
I can't find anything immediately wrong with this; it seems logically correct to me. However, it is evidence against what Kenneth Miller said so I am obviously highly miffed >=(
:]
What do you guys think?
I've heard about that, too. Thoughts:
(0) First, if the TTSS is derived from the flagellum and not the other way round, this is disproving a
specific intermediate - not the evolvability of the flagellum.
There's a
New Scientist article about the flagellum, with links to relevant papers. This article points out a number of important things:
(1) Though the evolutionary relationship of the flagellum and the TTSS is not clear and the flagellum is more likely to have come first,
"the homology between them is a devastating blow to the claim of irreducible complexity. This requires that a partial flagellum should be of no use whatsoever - but clearly it is." IOW, it need not have been the TTSS of Gram-negative pathogens that was the intermediate. The TTSS only shows that a similar system could have been one.
(2) Only about half of the 40 or so flagellar proteins are shared between all the 13 different bacteria examined
here, and these are distributed among all the main components of the flagellum. So (i) there are many ways of making a flagellum and (ii) the distribution of flagellar proteins looks exactly as though modern bacterial flagella evolved independently from a simpler common ancestor.
(3) Many of the 23 "core" proteins are homologous to
each other; that is, they could have evolved by the duplication of ancestral genes (does that remind anyone of
the vertebrate blood clotting cascade?) that helped build an even simpler proto-flagellum.
(4) Flagellar proteins are also homologous to protein components of other systems, present even in bacteria with no flagella - so they probably didn't originate as flagellar proteins.
water is vital to all life on earth. and it "just so happens" that water has properties which allow it fall to the earth as rain, to nurish vegation and refill lakes, rivers, and any other type of oasis. These rivers and lakes can run be miles long, with rivers running down stream, making it possible for a wide range of organisms to have water.
The key property that makes water on earth so life-friendly is hydrogen bonding. This leads to its high boiling point (keeping it liquid) and heat capacity (keeping the oceans from wild temperature fluctuations), among other things.
And it's the very same thing that makes (toxic)
hydrogen fluoride a weaker acid than other hydrogen halides in a dilute solution. The same property that makes (toxic) methanol and ethanol liquid at room temperature.
Arguing that the physical properties of water are evidence that it is designed is like arguing that the existence of planets is evidence that earth was created for us.
Systems, especially complex ones such as this, imply design design.
How?
The fact that the single most vital substance on earth has rivers, lakes, and wind working together in an intricate system to spread this vital substance around, show design. We can compare this design to human designs, when we look at how dams and plumbing work in a complex system to provide water to homes.
Except dams and plumbing work when and where they are needed to provide a regular and reliable water supply. Natural water is very different. Sometimes it's scarce, sometimes there's too much of it, sometimes it comes completely unpredictably, sometimes it kills things that get in its way, sometimes it's too hot for all but the hardiest life forms (which then cannot function anywhere
other than hot water) sometimes it's plain frozen and inaccessible. It really doesn't look like something
designed to support life, more like something that an opportunistic phenomenon like life could grab onto.
It is then quite logical to conclude, that water shows evidence of design, having properties that allow it to change states, each of which is useful.
From life's point of view, ice is hardly useful. We can't do anything with it, and many life forms (certainly most animals, even in polar environments) die if they freeze (and
all animals die if the insides of their cells freeze). It
could be argued that terrestrial life needs some vapour to avoid too much water loss (see the perfect chemical causing trouble again?), but IIRC you need over 99% relative humidity to stop evaporation from your body, and that's a very rare thing to find on this planet. Really, life would be much happier if water just stayed liquid all the time.
One of these states is is ice. Water "just so happens" to have the unique property of becoming less dense when frozen. For most matter, the opposite is true. This trait of water keeps iceburgs and frozen tundras afloat, rather than sinking and flooding much of the land on earth.
Wouldn't it be far more convenient if water just stayed liquid over most or all earth temperatures?
(And how are "frozen tundras" afloat???)
(BTW, an "iceburg" would be an ice castle

It's iceb
erg.)
As you can see, there is plenty of evidence that water is designed.
All I can see is a lucky coincidence making life as we know it possible. Water is good enough, but for a substance designed to support life, it's quite a lousy job.