I tend to believe that the Israelites more likely believe that the earth was circular rather than a rectangle. This was more of a common belief that was held by other near east ancient cultures. However the bible still uses the word circle and not sphere. So we can not say with any certainty that the they viewed the earth as a sphere. It is more likely that they would have believed it to be a flat disk as did other cultures of that time.
The KJV does not contain the words sphere, orb, or dome, so it does make it less obvious; however, I have some points:
1. The word used for "circle" in Isaiah 40:22 is the same word used for "circuit" in Job 22:14, as in "the circuit of heaven." A 'flat' nature would not have been applied to the heaven itself.
2. If they understood the celestial bodies to be spherical, there would have been no reason to assume the earth was not spherical as well. However, if they understood the celestial bodies to be flat disks, they may have assumed the same for the earth. Still, there does not appear to be any statements within the scripture stating that the earth is flat, or any of the other celestial bodies for that matter.
3. The libration of the moon is observable with the naked eye -- we can see a total of about 59% of the moon's surface as it 'wobbles' over the course of the lunar month. Again, the 'spots on the apple' analogy: they were more than likely to have observed the libration of the moon and understood that heavenly bodies are spherical.
Of course, this is not based on scripture but it is something I find very entertaining.
When you understand that the bible is speaking in metaphor in regards to describing the earth resting on pillars, how do still come to insist that one affirm a geocentric view of the universe?
Well, using scriptures only, we can determine that they would not teach a flat earth. That would be ignorant on God's part, because the prophets did write by direct inspiration of the Holy Ghost. However, using scriptures only, one cannot find a possibility of the movement of earth itself through space. And due to General Relativity and our perception, the earth might as well be the center of the universe, and it would also agree with scripture.
So "orb earth vs. flat earth in the scriptures" has examples of both views due to some isolated interpretation. Then we figure out how to make them work together with each other, and then reality. (if you only look at the "four corners of the earth" verse all by its lonesome, you may believe it teaches a flat rectangular earth. If you look at 'circle of the earth' you may believe it teaches a flat disk earth, until you see that the Hebrew language doesn't even have 'orb' or 'sphere' in it, and the word used for 'circle' is in fact used to describe the heaven itself in another verse.)
However, "heliocentrism vs. geocentrism in the scriptures" does not appear to have anything siding for heliocentrism, but a couple or a few verses side with geocentrism. But once again due to General Relativity it works with reality. (Do note that some of the verses are actually talking about after the judgement if I recall correctly, as in he establishes the new earth in righteousness and it will not be moved, or something to that effect.) And due to General Relativity, and the fact that the whole study of 'the theory of physics' can never reach an absolute truth (due to the infinitely complex mechanisms involved, it will never be fully understood) the earth can be assumed as the center of the universe and it cannot be disproved.
I'd rather take that stance, that the earth is the immovable center of the universe, than believe that the universe has no center point. It makes more sense to me and everything goes on the same. Besides, I love this:
Isaiah 38
8Behold, I will bring again the shadow of the degrees, which is gone down in the sun dial of Ahaz, ten degrees backward. So
the sun returned ten degrees, by which degrees it was gone down.
With geocentrism, we can see how God would have reversed the movement of the heavens. With heliocentrism, God would have had to held everything on the earth with his invisible omnipresent power as it reversed its roughly 66600MPH motion hurtling through space, and then done the same thing a second time to resume its normal motion.
Of course this can be viewed either way and I think it's a really fun thing to dwell on. 