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Where did the concept of 'Celibacy' come from?

tz620q

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The Apostle Paul even speaks of 'celibacy'.
Celibacy was not an unknown thing for the Jews of Christ's time or even before. It is thought that Samson's strength came from his having taken a Nazarite vow of celibacy. This same vow was talked about by Paul and can be found in the writings at Qumran. The early church seemed to be ambivalent about the need for celibacy. On one hand they had Paul's writings and example that showed that a true dedication to God involved everything, including one's sexual nature. On the other hand they were only human and it seems a hard thing to expect young men to handle. Within the Catholic church this became more urgent when remote priests and bishops, who were married, had children and started trying to accumulate wealth to pass on to their offsprings. Sometimes this even included their bishopric. So it was determined that it was better for the church to have unmarried priests that were above earthly concerns about wealth and posterity. This is considered a discipline and they take a vow to uphold their celibacy; but it is not dogmatic and could change if there was an urgent enough reason.
 
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In regards to celibacy of church leaders, in 1 Corinthians chapter 7, the apostle Paul teaches, “An unmarried man is concerned about the Lord's affairs — how he can please the Lord. But a married man is concerned about the affairs of this world — how he can please his wife — and his interests are divided” (1 Corinthians 7:32-34). In some instances, celibacy has a positive impact on ministry. If a church leader is free from spousal and familial responsibilities, he can better focus on ministering to others. Jesus mentions some becoming “eunuchs” for the kingdom of God (Matthew 19:12). Celibacy is definitely allowed for church leaders, and to a certain degree, it is encouraged. However, Scripture nowhere requires celibacy for those serving in positions of church leadership.

In 1 Timothy 3:1-13 and Titus 1:6-9, the Apostle Paul seems to assume that elders, bishops, overseers, and deacons will be married. Notice the phrases “the husband of one wife” (1 Timothy 3:2, 12; Titus 1:6), “he must manage his own family well” (1 Timothy 3:4,12), and “his children obey him with proper respect” (1 Timothy 3:4; Titus 1:6). While these Scriptures are not a requirement for church leaders to be married, they most definitely present an allowance for church leaders to be married. It is therefore anti-biblical for any church to require celibacy of its leaders.

Why, then, does the Roman Catholic Church (and a few other Christian denominations) require celibacy of priests /church leaders? The celibacy of priests has an interesting history. The first official church statements requiring celibacy appeared at the Councils of Elvira (A.D. 306) and Carthage (A.D. 390), although clerical celibacy, to a lesser degree, definitely predated these councils. Ultimately, though, celibacy became the official requirement of the Roman Catholic Church due to the practice of nepotism. Church leaders were giving their children positions in the church, despite a lack of any qualifications or training. Further, church leaders were giving church property to their descendants. As a result, the Roman Catholic Church mandated celibacy in order to keep its priests from having familial attachments which made nepotism attractive.

Again, the Bible encourages, but does not demand celibacy of priests / church leaders. In fact, Paul recognizes that most church leaders will be married.
 
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Soyeong

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A new monk arrives at the monastery. He is assigned to help the other monks in copying the old texts by hand. He notices, however, that they are copying copies, and not the original books.

So, the new monk goes to the head monk to ask him about this. He points out that if there was an error in the first copy, that error would be continued in all of the other copies. The head monk says, "We have been copying from the copies for centuries, but you make a good point, my son."

So, he goes down into the cellar with one of the copies to check it against the original. Hours later, nobody has seen him. So, one of the monks goes downstairs to look for him. He hears sobbing coming from the back of the cellar and finds the old monk leaning over one of the original books crying. He asks what's wrong.

"The word is celebrate not celibate," says the old monk with tears in his eyes.
 
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Bwahahaha. That is funny. However, on a serious note. There is some truth to that joke.
 
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tz620q

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It is therefore anti-biblical for any church to require celibacy of its leaders.

Jason, I agree with your recounting of history but find it a jump to call celibacy anti-biblical since we have many examples of celibacy in the Bible and they are almost universally acknowledged as good and preferable. So would you say that it is preferable to have a celibate church leader?


When trying to evangelize and start churches in a Pagan, hedonistic society requiring celibacy would have been a sure fire way to fail. The better question is not whether it was allowed for married men to be priests; but was it preferable.

By the way, the Catholic Church has many married priests, so it is obviously not an absolute requirement. We view celibacy as a discipline to show the world the dedication of our priests and religious to God alone. It would be analogous to fasting to show our ability to forsake the pleasure of eating. It is contra-natural, I know. We are in a time when biology seems to trump theology; but perhaps that is the beauty of the discipline. It goes against the natural biological urges to focus on the supernatural ability of God to subdue even these things within our lives if we dedicate ourselves to Him.

Outsiders see this as sexual oppression by a draconian institution; but all jobs come with requirements. If you don't want to meet with the requirements, you simply chose another job. So in that sense it would only be oppression if the applicants were forced into the job. I even know several seminarians and priests that quit and chose the vocation of marriage. This is an honorable vocation and one that is certainly not suppressed within the Catholic Church, which is also criticised by many for it's rigid defense of marriage.

Please try to see this from our viewpoint, not the world's.
God Bless.
 
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patrick jane

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1 Corinthians 7:1 -

and most of chapter 7
 
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tz620q

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1 Corinthians 7:1 -

and most of chapter 7
Thank you. That is a chapter that bears rereading for it's many jumps between Paul's opinions and the Lord's commands.
 
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Erose

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Was it the Roman Priests that brought 'celibacy'? Or was it Christ Himself?
I would say Christ, considering that He lived a life of celibacy and chastity. St. Paul also lived a life such as this, I believe at least St. John the Apostle did as well. There are plenty of early writings that discussed this subject.

As someone else pointed out that requiring celibacy from the priesthood of the Latin Rite Catholics is a discipline or practice; and not a doctrine. The pope could lift the mandate at any point. That being said there are quite a few married priests in the Catholic Church. Eastern Catholics allow a married man to become a priest, albeit a priest cannot become married. Also the Latin Rite Catholics have allowed married pastors and priests from other Christian faith traditions to transition into the priesthood, so it is no longer uncommon to come across a priest who is married.
 
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miamited

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Was it the Roman Priests that brought 'celibacy'? Or was it Christ Himself?

Hi david,

As far as I know, Jesus never made any statements of condemnation or approval regarding the act of marriage. He did, however, speak much on the issue of divorce.

While there are situations in which we are told that some men were celibate for a time, and yes Paul did say that it was better that a man not marry in order that his devotion to God not be hindered in any way, but he also said that it was good for a man to marry that he not be unduly tempted. There is no Scriptural support, as far as I know, that pastors or priests were ever commanded or expected to be celibate.

John the baptist's father was a priest. Obviously, he was not celibate. It may be that some of the prophets were celibate, but there is no evidence, as far as I know, to support that they necessarily were.

As far as I know, the 'law' that priests or pastors of any religious organization be celibate is strictly a man made command.

God bless you.
In Christ, Ted
 
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Root of Jesse

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No, that's not why the Church requires it of her priests, because it's easy enough to institute a canon law against nepotism. But priests take a vow of poverty, and most priests do not make even minimum wage for their hours worked. Trying to support a family on such a wage would be next to impossible, practically. Priests' family is their flock. Most Protestant pastors either live very poorly or have to take a second job to make ends meet, and thus sacrifice time away from their family and flock. There is the issue of inheritance, but that seems minor.
 
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JackRT

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I would say Christ, considering that He lived a life of celibacy and chastity.

The fact that the bible says nothing about Jesus' marital state is not proof that he was unmarried. There are in fact strong suggestions that he might have been married.
 
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Popes who were married
St. Peter, Apostle
St. Felix III 483-492 (2 children)
St. Hormidas 514-523 (1 son)
St. Silverus (Antonia) 536-537
Hadrian II 867-872 (1 daughter)
Clement IV 1265-1268 (2 daughters)
Felix V 1439-1449 (1 son)
 
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thebackyardpreacher

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Well in the beginning it was not from God, as God encouraged us to be fruitful and multiply. There has been celibacy far back into ancient times. Many believed in sexual transmutation. Regarding the Apostle Paul I believe he literally thoughr the return of Christ was immanent. Therfore marriage was not worth pursuing. Generally marriage is highly regarded in Jewish custom.
 
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JackRT

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In many societies a man is not considered to be fully adult until he is married. He would be excluded from full participation in "adult" institutions such as tribal or village councils and religious ceremonials. This has caused many problems for Catholic missionary priests both past and present. In fact, in Canada the Catholic Church has several times unsuccessfully petitioned the Pope for an exemption from the rule of priestly celibacy for those priests serving in the far North. The Jewish attitude at the time of Jesus was similar and is dramatically summarized by the first century rabbi, Eliezar Ben-Asai, who wrote "Whoever renounces marriage violates the commandment to increase and multiply; he is to be looked upon as a murderer who lessens the number of beings created in the image of God." These are strong words indeed! Of the several hundred rabbis known to us from that time only one is known to have been unmarried. More correctly, this rabbi had been married, lost his wife and refused to remarry. He was severely criticized for this by his fellow rabbis.


It is also worth noting that the anti-sex, anti-female pro-virginity attitude that quickly developed in the Gentile branch of the early church was the product of the strong influence of Greek philosophy and not the result of any authentic teaching of Jesus himself. The Jewish tradition, then and now, is strongly family centered and has even been described as somewhat "earthy".
 
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Jason, I agree with your recounting of history but find it a jump to call celibacy anti-biblical since we have many examples of celibacy in the Bible and they are almost universally acknowledged as good and preferable.

Just to be clear, I never said celibacy in itself is anti-biblical. Rather making celibacy a requirement for priesthood is. Thus, the tradition of celibacy for catholic priests and nuns are not biblical but rather a tradition of man. Yes, there are exceptions. There are Catholic priests who are married. But they are only allowed under certain circumstances. If a priest later decided to become married after becoming ordained, I am pretty sure that would require him to leave the priesthood.
 
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Root of Jesse

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The fact that the bible says nothing about Jesus' marital state is not proof that he was unmarried. There are in fact strong suggestions that he might have been married.
You a Dan Brown Conspiracy kind of guy, eh?
 
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