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Bible Numerics: Fact or Fiction?
One day at Calvary Baptist Church in New York City, a friend handed me a little booklet entitled, “Bible Numerics” written by Karl Sabiers. It supposedly “proved” the inspiration of the Bible by finding numeric codes in the Hebrew and Greek text of the Bible.
The author started out by stating that each Hebrew and Greek letter represented a number and that by counting the numeric value of letters we could find hidden meanings in the text that no English reader would ev
This made me a little uneasy because I was studying the cults and the occult under Walter Martin. He had taught me that the Bible is a plain book written by plain people for plain readers. It is not a mystical book written with encrypted esoteric messages which only a few enlightened people can understand. Any interpretation which does not come from a historical and grammatical exegesis is suspect. Thus whenever anyone claimed to find hidden meanings in the Bible, watch out! Sabiers’ claim that there were secret numeric codes in the Bible was immediately suspect in my mind.
I was also studying Hebrew under Rabbi Gold at the American Board of Mission To The Jews located on 72nd St. in New York City. My Hebrew teacher, Rabbi Gold, was a Polish orthodox Jew who had survived a Nazi concentration camp and emigrated to NYC. He had embraced Jesus as the Messiah due to the witness of the American Board of Mission to the Jews.
I asked him about the idea that each Hebrew letter represented a number because he had made us memorize the Hebrew words for numbers. If the letters represented numbers in the Hebrew language, why were there words for these numbers? He told me that it was a lie that Hebrew letters had numeric values. He went on to point out several more flaws in the idea of secret numeric codes in the Bible. With this understanding, I threw away Sabier’s booklet and did not give it any further thought.
Many years later, you can imagine my surprise to hear of a sect of. Jews who had developed an apologetic against Christianity by using “secret numeric codes” supposedly found in the Hebrew text of the Torah. Being curious by nature, I went to New York City and attended the Aish Hatorah Discovery Seminar held during the weekend of April 10, 1994. Rabbis Mechanic, Salomon, and Berger were the instructors.
Our textbook was a book entitled Discovery. When we got to page 87 of this book, the rabbi announced that he was going to refute Christianity by Bible Numerics. He took us to Deut. 29:16 in the Hebrew text (v. 17 in English Bibles).
Moreover, you have seen their abominations and their idols of wood, stone, silver, and gold, which they had with them.
He also quoted Deut. 4:28:
And there you will serve gods, the work of man's hands, wood and stone, which neither see nor hear nor eat nor smell.
The rabbi took the Hebrew word for “wood” and counted the letters backwards and forward 49 times in Deut. 4:28 and came up with the letters which he interpreted to mean “Yeshua,” i.e., Jesus. Thus Jesus was “the idol of wood!” He called this “the code of 49.”
He then used “the code of 50” in Deut. 29:16 and came up with some letters which he also interpreted as a reference to the cross on which Jesus died. He claimed that in both passages there was a secret numeric code, which warned the Jewish people that Jesus was an idol made of wood!
By this time you are probably thinking to yourself, “What in the world are you talking about? Secret numeric codes in the Bible? Jesus is an idol made of wood! You have to be kidding. Only a nut case would believe such nonsense.”
Before you throw this booklet away, you must understand that 100,000 people have attended the Discovery Seminar so far. Their influence in the Jewish community is growing and they are attempting to refute Christianity with Bible Numerics.
I must also point out that several articles have appeared in secular journals, which attempt to prove the inspiration of the Torah by secret numeric codes. Obviously, we will have to deal with this Jewish apologetic now or later. It is not going to go away by itself.
But the real shocker is that there are a few Christian leaders who have fallen for “Bible Numerics” hook, line, and sinker. . In the last year, several prominent Christian leaders have claimed to find secret numeric codes in the Bible. After reading their articles and books, it is obvious that they do not know what they are talking about. They evidently jumped at a “neat idea” to prove the Bible. But they should have looked before they leapt.
In the light of these things, we will examine the system of Biblical interpretation, which is called Bible Numerics or Theomatics.
PART ONE
THE HISTORY OF NUMBERS
In order to understand Bible Numerics we must begin with the history of numbers. Why? We are so familiar with using 1, 2, 3, 4, 25, 100, 1,000, etc., that it will be a surprise to most people to learn that for most of human history such numbers did not exist. If you would have said or written 1, 2, 3, or given simple mathematical equations such as 1+ 1= 2 to the authors of the Bible, they would not have had the slightest idea of what those numbers meant.
Today we refer to these numbers as “Arabic numbers.” This is clearly a mistake in that such numbers as 1, 2, 3, etc. are not part of the Arabic language. While the use of these numbers in Western culture can be traced back to Arab merchants, they did not invent them per se. For example, the number 0 came from India. The plain truth is that Arabs found different numbers being used in different cultures as they traveled around Asia and the Middle East.
These numbers were introduced in Europe in the twelfth century. But it took centuries before they came into common use.
The earliest written records reveal that ancient Middle Eastern cultures such as the Assyrians did not know of numbers. They actually had no concept of abstract numbers. They never discussed numbers in and of themselves in an abstract sense. For example, there was no word for “million” or “billion” in any of the ancient languages.
Any “counting” done in ancient cultures was always done in terms of concrete notations. These notations were based on the idea of a one on one correspondence. For example, they would use a stone to represent a sheep. When they wanted to know how many sheep they had, they pulled out their leather bag and looked to see if there was a correspondence between the stones and the sheep. They would also sometimes cut notches on a wooden staff to correspond to the amount of sheep.
The Babylonians took a pointed stick and made impressions in a tablet of wet clay to represent how many objects they wished to record. The Egyptians used hieroglyphics of animals and other objects to represent amounts. For example, the amount of “one hundred thousand” was represented by the picture of a bird.
Most ancient cultures used their ten fingers to correspond to objects. This is the ultimate basis of our own “base ten” system. But some cultures did not use a base 10 system. For example, the Sumerians used 60 as their base amount.
Since Moses was the first biblical author, it is interesting to note that while he was well
educated in the Egyptian method of keeping track of objects, he never used it in the Pentateuch. Neither did he use the Assyrian, Hittite, or Babylonian systems in the Torah.
The Jews in Moses’ day had words to correspond to the amount of things. These words were treated like any other Hebrew word.
one =. ehed.
two = senayim.
three = salos.
four = arabaa.
five = hames
six = ses.
seven = seba.
eight = smoneh.
nine = tesa.
ten = eser.
hundred = meah.
thousand = eleph.
ten thousand = rebabah
When we write a check today, on the second line we write out the amount in words instead of Arabic numbers. While the Ancient Hebrews had words to correspond to things, they did not have any numbers. For example, in the Genesis account of Creation, Moses gives us a record of what God did on “day one,” “day two,” “day three,” etc.
When Moses wanted to record large amounts, he would write it out word for word. For example, while we would write 930 in Arabic numbers, Moses would write “nine hundred and thirty” (Gen. 5:5). The Hebrew word which represented the highest amount recorded in the Old Testament was ten thousand. That is as high as the Hebrew language went.
What about such numbers as “million” or “billion”? Did these ancient cultures have the concept of such large numbers? No. They could only conceive of an amount that was sitting in front of them. They had no concept of such abstract concepts as million, billion, trillion or zillion.
The concept of “million” was actually invented by an Italian banker 600 years ago when he ran out of words to represent the amount of money in his bank. The concept of a “billion” was invented by a French banker in 1500. Such words as trillion and zillion are also of recent origin. They represent modern advances in abstract mathematics.
Did the biblical authors ever run out of words to express the amount of things? Yes. When Joseph tried to keep track of how much he had stored up during the seven good years, Gen. 41:49 says that he eventually ran out of words to express it. The Egyptians even had a hieroglyphic of a man throwing up his hands in despair to represent an amount for which they did not have a word.
Did the biblical authors ever use the letters of the Hebrew alphabet to represent numbers? No. They used words for amounts, not numbers.
If this is so, was it possible for them to write numeric codes in the Bible using the letters of the Hebrew alphabet for numbers? No. They could not do so because they did not know of numbers. The first documented time the Jews used letters to represent numbers was on some Maccabean coins minted around 200 BC.
Did the authors of the New Testament ever use the letters of the Greek alphabet to represent numbers? No. Was it even possible for them to place hidden numeric codes in their writings? No.
The New Testament followed the Old Testament in using words instead of numbers: one = eis, two = duo, three = treis, etc. Even in Rev. 13:18 the “mark of the beast” is written out in the Greek words, “six hundred sixty-six.”
The historical facts are clear that it was simply not possible for Moses, the prophets or the apostles to use numeric codes in their writings. There is no simply archeological or literary evidence that the pre-exilic Jews ever used the letters of the Hebrew alphabet to represent numbers.
Did Jesus or the apostles ever use numeric codes to interpret the Old Testament? No. Did the early Church Fathers use numeric codes in their interpretation of the Bible? No. Did Augustine, Aquinas, Luther, Calvin, the Puritans, the Pilgrims, or the great evangelical preachers of the past used numeric codes to interpret the Bible? No.
We must conclude that the use of secret numeric codes to interpret the Bible did not come from historic Christian hermeneutics. We will have to look elsewhere to find its origin.
The Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia has an excellent article on this subject written by our good friend, Dr. William White. His statement concerning the attempt to find numeric codes in the Bible bears repeating.
Unfortunately the frequent use of notions of symbolism applied to the Biblical numbers have resulted in little less than soothsaying... Most of these types of exegetical systems have been based upon the assumption that the later Jewish system of replacing each number 1-9, 1-10, with the sequential letters of the Heb. alphabet was practiced throughout the Biblical period. Thus, any term in the MT can be deciphered into a code of numbers. For example, the consonantal text of Genesis 1:1 begins with br’syt which is deciphered in terms of numerals as b = 2, r = 200, ‘ = 1, s = 300, y = 10 and t = 400, thus the first word of Genesis equals to the total of these numbers or 913 which is then interpreted mystically. This sort of magical nonsense arose during the Hel age and was applied to many other ancient writings under the term “germatria,” a corruption from Semiticized “geomatria.” Such gnostic exegesis contradicts the clear Biblical principle stated in 2 Peter 1:20, “that no prophecy of scripture is a matter of one’s own interpretation.” (Vol. 4:460)
Dr. White has sounded a strong warning to all those who believe in secret numeric codes in the Bible. They are swimming in the dangerous waters of a gnostic hermeneutic which has already spawned far too many cults.
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Faith Defenders - Bible Numerics: Fact or Fiction?