KerrMetric
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Well it will tell you the physical properties of the material the different seismic waves travel through.
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Seismic (spelling?) and ultrasounding have been performed. Don't know what good that'll really do.
Source:http://www.solarviews.com/eng/earthint.htm
- Inner core: 1.7% of the Earth's mass; depth of 5,150-6,370 kilometers (3,219 - 3,981 miles)
The inner core is solid and unattached to the mantle, suspended in the molten outer core. It is believed to have solidified as a result of pressure-freezing which occurs to most liquids when temperature decreases or pressure increases.- Outer core: 30.8% of Earth's mass; depth of 2,890-5,150 kilometers (1,806 - 3,219 miles)
The outer core is a hot, electrically conducting liquid within which convective motion occurs. This conductive layer combines with Earth's rotation to create a dynamo effect that maintains a system of electrical currents known as the Earth's magnetic field. It is also responsible for the subtle jerking of Earth's rotation. This layer is not as dense as pure molten iron, which indicates the presence of lighter elements. Scientists suspect that about 10% of the layer is composed of sulfur and/or oxygen because these elements are abundant in the cosmos and dissolve readily in molten iron.- D": 3% of Earth's mass; depth of 2,700-2,890 kilometers (1,688 - 1,806 miles)
This layer is 200 to 300 kilometers (125 to 188 miles) thick and represents about 4% of the mantle-crust mass. Although it is often identified as part of the lower mantle, seismic discontinuities suggest the D" layer might differ chemically from the lower mantle lying above it. Scientists theorize that the material either dissolved in the core, or was able to sink through the mantle but not into the core because of its density.- Lower mantle: 49.2% of Earth's mass; depth of 650-2,890 kilometers (406 -1,806 miles)
The lower mantle contains 72.9% of the mantle-crust mass and is probably composed mainly of silicon, magnesium, and oxygen. It probably also contains some iron, calcium, and aluminum. Scientists make these deductions by assuming the Earth has a similar abundance and proportion of cosmic elements as found in the Sun and primitive meteorites.- Transition region: 7.5% of Earth's mass; depth of 400-650 kilometers (250-406 miles)
The transition region or mesosphere (for middle mantle), sometimes called the fertile layer, contains 11.1% of the mantle-crust mass and is the source of basaltic magmas. It also contains calcium, aluminum, and garnet, which is a complex aluminum-bearing silicate mineral. This layer is dense when cold because of the garnet. It is buoyant when hot because these minerals melt easily to form basalt which can then rise through the upper layers as magma.- Upper mantle: 10.3% of Earth's mass; depth of 10-400 kilometers (6 - 250 miles)
The upper mantle contains 15.3% of the mantle-crust mass. Fragments have been excavated for our observation by eroded mountain belts and volcanic eruptions. Olivine (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 and pyroxene (Mg,Fe)SiO3 have been the primary minerals found in this way. These and other minerals are refractory and crystalline at high temperatures; therefore, most settle out of rising magma, either forming new crustal material or never leaving the mantle. Part of the upper mantle called the asthenosphere might be partially molten.- Oceanic crust: 0.099% of Earth's mass; depth of 0-10 kilometers (0 - 6 miles)
The oceanic crust contains 0.147% of the mantle-crust mass. The majority of the Earth's crust was made through volcanic activity. The oceanic ridge system, a 40,000-kilometer (25,000 mile) network of volcanoes, generates new oceanic crust at the rate of 17 km3 per year, covering the ocean floor with basalt. Hawaii and Iceland are two examples of the accumulation of basalt piles.- Continental crust: 0.374% of Earth's mass; depth of 0-50 kilometers (0 - 31 miles).
The continental crust contains 0.554% of the mantle-crust mass. This is the outer part of the Earth composed essentially of crystalline rocks. These are low-density buoyant minerals dominated mostly by quartz (SiO2) and feldspars (metal-poor silicates). The crust (both oceanic and continental) is the surface of the Earth; as such, it is the coldest part of our planet. Because cold rocks deform slowly, we refer to this rigid outer shell as the lithosphere (the rocky or strong layer).
Now since i am so scientifically stupid educate me to which of these you use for dating the earth
sounds like they have a good knowledge of the upper 19 percent depth and the rest rely on theory.
whats wrong with it is it is unknown, it is a guess, there is nothing wrong with a guess, but its not a fact, and shouldnt be implied as oneWhat is wrong with theory?
Just about everything is theory. That the electrons wandering around in the wires of your computer is just "theory".
That the PN junctions of the transistors etched on the CPU chip function is just "theory".
When a seismic wave propagates a certain way in a sold body you can get information from this.
so if you do not use the structure of the earth to age it what is used?
whats wrong with it is it is unknown, it is a guess, there is nothing wrong with a guess, but its not a fact, and shouldnt be implied as one
theory is good. electron theory provides us with a visual picture of something we can't see.What is wrong with theory?
Just about everything is theory. That the electrons wandering around in the wires of your computer is just "theory".
That the PN junctions of the transistors etched on the CPU chip function is just "theory".
When a seismic wave propagates a certain way in a sold body you can get information from this.
this may all be true, if the theory in which calculates the age of these isotopes and rocks and crystals is correct.The dating of the Earth is primarily (though not exclusively) through radioactive dating of rocks.
Now this historically has provided a LOWER limit to the age. After all - if you date a rock at 4 billion years of age then obviously the Earth is at least that old.
So all the dating of the oldest earth rocks (or I should say zircon crystals) has shown that they oldest all seem to be about 4.4 billions years of age. Now you can also date meteorites and the oldest of them seem to be in the 4.5 billion years of age area. There is also helioseismological data that indicate the Sun is approx. 4.57 billion years of age.
Put all this together (and there are many peices of this data) and you get that the Earth is approx. 4.5 billion years old.
When we can see it or touch it, we no longer rely on theory. We now have factual proof.
this may all be true, if the theory in which calculates the age of these isotopes and rocks and crystals is correct.
But is it a fact that it is correct?
Simplyg123.i accept science for what it is
theoretical explanation of phenomena
phenomena being: An occurrence, circumstance, or fact that is perceptible by the senses. pl.
i accept science for what it is
theoretical explanation of phenomena
phenomena being: An occurrence, circumstance, or fact that is perceptible by the senses. pl.
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