A. The Year Day Principle: Number 14:34
The year day concept is not taught is Numbers 14: 34. In the phrase day for a year it is a day that represents a year. That is to say, it is the days that are symbolic. It is not days that are symbolic in this text but years. The forty days are the historical or literal period used in this text. This has significant ramifications since SDAs argue that it is the days that are symbolic here.
B.[FONT="] [/FONT]The Year-Day Principle: Ezekiel 4: 6
The historical or literal period used in this text are in years. The days in this text are symbolic but SDA historicists do not use the ratio outlined in this text to calculate their time periods. If they used the principle taught in this text, the time periods would be even shorter than if taken literally from the text.
C.[FONT="] [/FONT]The Year-Day Principle: Daniel 9: 24-27
Historically these texts were used to prove the validity of using the year-day principle, since it is seventy of weeks. Thus, 70 weeks can only compute to the necessary 490 years if each day is reckoned as a year. But this argument is found to be without foundation as the seventy weeks should be calculated without the use of the year day principle. The first millennium of Christian history interpreted the seventy weeks correctly without the use of the year-day principle. That this principle yielded the same results in calculations, only misled those who were unfamiliar with the correct method of calculating the period, who assumed the method they were using was the original and correct method. They show their ignorance of the proper method and its venerable history. In short, there is no evidence from Dn9 to support a year-day principle. Important primary evidence from Roman writer Marcus Varro shows that the concept of using a heptomad to represent a group of days or years without any year-day principle is extant, and shows that the concept was known in the times of the early Christians.
D.[FONT="] [/FONT]The use of times in Daniel for 3½ times
Historically, the early church taught and believed that the 1260 days, the 42 months and the 3½ times were a solar period of 3½ years. This was the case for a millennium. It was only after different methods of trying to rationalise the time periods to fit the outworking of history, that such principles as a century for a day or a year for a day started to be promulgated as a rubric to interpret time periods. But there is no need to deviate from what the early church believed. The period is to be correctly understood as 3½ solar years.
E.[FONT="] [/FONT]The time periods are converted one step too many.
To understand the final length of the symbolic periods of time given in the prophetic books in general and the book of Daniel in particular, they should be converted to normal nomenclature. When that is done, it should be left, since this represents the literal solar time involved. SDA historicists go one step too many and assume that normal nomenclature is also symbolic/figurative and needs to be converted again. This is unwarranted. The symbolic names for time include "evenings-mornings, times and weeks (of years). These are converted to the literal names day, year and seven years respectively. There is no more converting to be done.
A. In concluding this discussion regarding the validity of the year-day principle, it should be said firstly, that this principle has two fatal flaws: (a) it incorrectly calls a literal explanation, a figurative unit, and (b) it takes the desymbolisation of these units one step too far.
In regard to the first flaw, it is the 40 days sortie in Num 14:34 that determines the unit of years to be used for the banishment to the desert. The 40-days is the literal unit in this text. In Eze 4: 6 it is the years of rebellion that determines the unit of days to be used for the siege enactment by Ezekiel. These are the literal unit in this text.
If we say on the other hand however, that the literal period is the consequence of the first period, and the first period being used as a symbolic determinant, then in Num 14:34, it is the 40 years of banishment that is the literal period, and in Eze 4: 6, it is the days of the siege-enactment that are the literal period here. Therefore, regardless of whichever way you define figurative and literal here, you end up with different time units in either text being called literal. If you choose the first definition above, then your symbolic unit is days in Num 14: 34 and years in Eze 4: 6, but if you choose the second option, then your symbolic unit in Num 14: 34 is years and in Eze 4: 6, it is days. This means that one cannot argue that there is only the day for a year principle acting in both texts. The usage of the dictum day for a year is opposite in either text. And regardless of your definition of symbolic or literal, you still come out with opposite units of time.
In regard to the second flaw, the explanations of iddan, ereb-boqer and shabu`â have the literal explanation of year, day, and seven/week respectively. That is the end of the desymbolising step. These units are the literal lengths of these time units. This means that the following lengths of time apply to the prophetic periods: the 2300 ereb-bôqer are 2300 days; the 3 ½ iddan are 3 ½ years; and the 1290 and the 1335 days are 1290 and 1335 days. The 70 shabuîm are 490 years without the use of the year-day principle.
B. Another conclusion of this paper is that since SDA historicists cannot use Ezekiel 4:6 as their model for calculating prophetic periods, and they cannot use Numbers 14: 34 as their model since it is the years of their banishment that are symbolic, not the days of spying, they have no text to use as a model to support their method of calculation. The only basis they have for their year-day principle is the proof-text tradition of extracting the phrase a day for a year from these two texts without considering the context in which they are used, and just applying it however they will to the time periods they want to convert. As explicitly stated by the SDABC, it is the statement of scale they are interested in when they consider Numbers 14: 34 and Ezekiel 4:6, not the context.
C. Therefore, in weighing up the arguments presented above, I assert that the year-day principle invoked by SDA historicists is a dubious principle based firstly, on the antiquated proof-text method used in past centuries where the phrase is extracted from the context and quoted without regard to its original setting. Secondly, it is based on a collection of assumptions that are incorrect. Furthermore, the often touted rationale supporting the discovery of the true meaning of the 2,300 days by SDA historicists as being itself a fulfilment of prophecy is a circular argument, and without explicit support from scripture. Note Maxwell.
The fulfillment of the 1260 days as 1260 years confirmed the understanding of the 2300 days as 2300 years and this became a key to the further understanding of the sanctuary prophecy of Daniel 8: 14: For [or rather, until] two thousand