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How many? You are saying too many, but you have failed to state how many are actually involved, or to state how many would be too many. (In Lallans Scot I would say "you wis haverin". )that is the main question. we know for instance that many proteins are very different from each other. so we need many mutations to such conversion in these specific cases.
How many? You are saying too many, but you have failed to state how many are actually involved, or to state how many would be too many. (In Lallans Scot I would say "you wis haverin". )
because in such a case the chance is far more higher.
but if we need many changes at once (many amino acids changes) its a problem.
to evolve a new function.Chance for what?
How many changes at one time are required?
see above-. 100-200 depend on the function. for instance: globin and histone have similar length (about 100-150 aa). i will take many amino acids to change a globin into histone or vice versa.How large does each change need to be?
globin sequence is very different from histone sequence. this is the sequence of human beta globin:HBB - Beta-globin - Homo sapiens (Human) - HBB gene & proteinCitation needed.
globin sequence is very different from histone sequence. this is the sequence of human beta globin:
to evolve a new function.
depend on the function but it may requires up tp 100-200 changes at once.
see above-. 100-200 depend on the function. for instance: globin and histone have similar length (about 100-150 aa). i will take many amino acids to change a globin into histone or vice versa.
because we know that if we want to evolve 2 new binding sites for insatnce we will need many changes. say that there is a protein that bind 2 molecules. even if we will evolve the first binding site it will be usless without the second binding site.You're claiming that the changes have to happen all at once. That is what I'm asking about. Why would the changes need to happen in a single step? What is your source for that claim?
Do you have a source to back up this claim?
here is one paper about atp binding:
Functional proteins from a random-sequence library
about 45 amino acids are need to bind atp molecule. and many proteins needs at least2-3 sites.
let me put it this way: what make you think that all the functional proteins are near each other so you can change any functional protein into other functional protein just by few changes every step? think about this too: can you change your hand watch by small steps and get a new systm like a cell-phone by changing a single part each step?Evolution isn't random.
And are you suggesting that evolution must have gone from no binding to binding exactly the way it is today in just one step?
let me put it this way: what make you think that all the functional proteins are near each other so you can change any functional protein into other functional protein just by few changes every step? think about this too: can you change your hand watch by small steps and get a new systm like a cell-phone by changing a single part each step?
Obviously, those individuals with the beneficial changes would be more likely to produce offspring
sure. the question is how many mutations we need to some changes like evolving a protein\s that can make amino acids or other function. as i said- we need many amino acids changes to evolve such proteins.
because we know that if we want to evolve 2 new binding sites for insatnce we will need many changes. say that there is a protein that bind 2 molecules. even if we will evolve the first binding site it will be usless without the second binding site.
How do you know any of this is true? You seem to making specific, unsupported assumptions about how you think evolution works or how things proceed.
It reminds me of the creationist who used to post how half-flippers/half-legs would be a useless feature, until I showed him examples of such things on living animals.
here is a simple way: if you will remove parts from your cell-phone eventually you will end up with no function at all. right? the same is with proteins or biological systems. if you will remove some genes\amino acids you will end up with no function.
here is a simple way: if you will remove parts from your cell-phone eventually you will end up with no function at all. right? the same is with proteins or biological systems. if you will remove some genes\amino acids you will end up with no function.
here is one example i already gave:So this is just something you are making up and you don't have an actual source for. Understood.
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