Do you think mitochondria and chloroplasts were just floating around ready to be engulfed by a cell that just happened to have all the chemistry ready for them - or is it more likely that endosymbiosis developed incrementally after an initial engulfment that both creatures fortuitously survived, and that mitochondria and chloroplasts are now obligate endosymbiotes and the containing organisms are wholly dependent on them?
i mentioned this because endosymbiosis is the proposed method of prokaroyte to eukoroyte transition.
this apparently happened in one fell swoop.
also, there is mounting evidence that evolution in general is not a gradualistic paradigm.
as a matter of fact, gradualism has been one of the tenets that has been replaced with a more complex version.
I couldn't say; scientifically speaking, it's all provisional. The best we can do is gain a consensus on what the most reliable evidence is, then try to generate testable explanations for it. Form where I stand, the evidence seems overwhelmingly in favour of selection of heritable variations leading to a tree of ancestral lineages of common descent. I haven't seen any better theories (i.e. with more explanatory & predictive power). By all means point me to them.
HGT for one.
what noble and margulis say are 2 more.
and we have this:
Even systematics has had to abandon many strictures that were part of the Modern Synthesis. If species are the durable unit of biology, and if natural selection quickly molds genes to current utility, then most genes should diverge at the time of speciation events, given views like Mayr's. Here again, analyses of newly abundant sequence data in the late 20th Century showed that rather than a highly congruent coalescence of genes at the times of speciation events, the coalescence times of alleles among species are highly variable. As such, species trees and gene trees often cannot be equated [15,16].
-The new biology beyond the Modern Synthesis.htm
I'm discussing it with you, not Noble. If you're going to bolster your argument with quotes, you should at least be able to make a stab at defending them.
noble isn't the only one that say evolutionists use examples that haven't been proven.
boyce, in his NY times article, flat out says the horse transitional fossils aren't correct.
R.I.P. Lynn Margulis, Biological Rebel
thanks for the article.
a couple of quotes i find interesting:
she argued that conventional Darwinian mechanisms could not account for the stops and starts observed in the fossil record. Symbiosis, she suggested, could explain why species appear so suddenly and why they persist so long without changing.
-ibid.
this seems to support what eldridge states in the NY times upload, the infamous gaps in the record.
it's all too apparent that these gaps are real, they aren't a case of unfound or missing fossils.
concepts such as the molecular clock theory of gene mutation seems to discount "fast gradual change".
Ultra-Darwinians, by focusing on the gene as the unit of selection, had failed to explain how speciation occurs. Only a much broader theory that incorporates symbiosis and higher-level selection could account for the diversity of the fossil record and of life today, according to Margulis.
-ibid.
and this is EXACTLY what modern research is finding.
genes ARE NOT the units of evolution
and finally, she comments on being regarded as a "renegade":
"It's kind of dismissive, not serious," she replied. "I mean, you wouldn't do this to a serious scientist, would you?" She stared at me, and I finally realized her question was not rhetorical; she really wanted an answer. I agreed that the descriptions seemed somewhat condescending."Yeah, that's right," she mused. Such criticism did not bother her, she insisted. "Anyone who makes this kind of ad hominem criticism exposes himself, doesn't he?
-ibid.
I'm not asking you to call him a liar, I'm asking if he lived up to the standards he expected of others in this context.
these other mechanisms are the direct cause for the emerging biology.
i fail to understand how you might think they don't exist.
i'm sure you realize that DNA is not a gene library.
this, in itself, implies either darwinism is flatout wrong, or there are other processes involved.
You have been presenting opinion - that you seem unprepared or unable to defend. Opinion isn't evidence. What you mean by addressing evidence with data isn't clear to me; data isn't an argument.
yes, some of what i present is opinion but there is a consensus for it.
the emerging new biology is one of those opinions, and it has a LOT of support.
The current theory was constructed to explain the available evidence. Now new evidence shows that it isn't the whole story, it is being changed. If someone thinks the theory is plain wrong, the burden is on them to falsify it; if they think they have a better one, the burden is on them to present it.
some parts of the theory are indeed plain wrong.
a gradualistic, adationist, progressive paradigm with natural selection as the primary driver is one of them.