The WELS Q&A often explains things much better than I ever can:
To explain the doctrine of hell you need to point people to the passages in the Bible that speak about hell. It is described as a place of torment that will never end, prepared for the devil and his angels. There unbelievers will spend eternity. (
Isaiah 64:24,
Matthew 3:12,
Matthew 13:42,
Matthew 25:41,
Matthew 5:29-30, 2 Thessalonians 1:6-9,
Jude 7, 2 Peter 2:4,
Luke 16:19-31,
Mark 9:43-48).
Unless people understand the law which reveals the depths of human sinfulness and God's righteous wrath over sin, they will have difficulty grasping a place of eternal punishment. You might want to review what God says in
Romans 1:18-1:16 and
Romans 3:9-20. Make sure also to remember God's salvation, his plan of deliverance through faith in his Son Jesus whom he offered up as a sacrifice of atonement for our sins, and not only for ours but for the sins of the whole world (
Romans 3:21-28, 2 Corinthians 5:18-21, 1 John 2:2). If a person understands the depths of his sinfulness and the punishment he deserves, he will more readily grasp the depths of God's love in offering his Son for our salvation. A proper understanding of the law and the gospel is important for a correct understanding of hell and heaven.
The Bible uses more than one term for hell. The Hebrew word
sheol is can mean the grave, the realm of the dead, or hell (e.g., see
Psalm 139:8--the NIV does not translate sheol as hell in this passgae but other translations do and that seems to be what the psalmist meant). The context will determine its meaning. The Greek Septuagint used the word
hades to translate the Hebrew word
sheol. The word
hades, like the word
sheol, can have more than one meaning--context will determine the meaning. The Greek word
Tartarus, a term taken from Greek mythology, is used only once in the New Testament (
2 Peter 2:4). The Holy Spirit moved Peter to choose this term as a name for hell. The Greek word
Gehenna is consistently used as a name for hell. Gehenna was the Valley of Hinnom south of Jerusalem where the wicked had sacrificed their own children. The Old Testament uses this name for the place where God will punish the wicked (
Jeremiah 7:32, 19:6-7).
Some of the links are a little goofed up because of the formatting.