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if you accept macroevolution as being true from the beginning, then it is not. because death to some degree has always been around. death for us is a side effect of the Fall. I have yet to read any Father or holy elder say anything otherwise.
St. Michael is pure spirit - not at all physical. He isn't governed by the restrictions of the physical world.
We are. To suggest otherwise is pseudo-docetism.
Additionally, even in a spiritual sense, the Devil therein underwent death. Michael, in changing (which implies time, which is a strange concept in the spiritual world anyway since it properly belongs to our material world), died. The Michael that existed BEFORE sending the Devil out was a different Michael from the one that existed AFTER.
Death (in the animal, plant, or conceptual sense) is merely a change of states from "being" one way to "being" another way. For animals, this mode of being is purely physical. Their literal material self is absorbed by other animals or lifeforms (like bacteria) and used. For a spirit, undergoing change implies a new state of being (a new experience, for example). However, in both cases, no change of ontology has occured. No TRUE death has taken place.
We need to define death. I'm defining death as "the ending of something." If NOTHING ended pre fall, then how did the days end? How were plants eaten? How was there evening and morning?
How can a being without an immortal soul which is part of a changing universe BE immortal? That would imply either that they have an immortal soul or that the universe pre-fall was UNCHANGING (co-eternal with God, a heresy).
Were animals created to have an eternal soul (soul here being defined in the Judaic sense of center of being, not in the Platonic sense of being a separate "self" entrapped in a physical body)?
Denial of the physical is pseudo-docetism. The physical was created, and was created GOOD. Generally, when we differentiate the spiritual man from the animal man we are talking about being "subject" to the animal passions or "subject" to Christ.
Again - was there change pre-fall? Then something ended. Were those things physical? Yes. That implies physical change. Physical change = death of some kind. Death, in the biological sense, existed prefall.
So far as I'm aware, though, there is no doctrine for animals rising from the dead. If their (merely physical) death is so against God's will then they would (each and every one) be raised. That would imply an immortal soul for animals. As they do not have one, we know they will not be raised. The idea of a physical resurrection is not problematic for what I'm saying here.
Also, we are not animals. We were never meant to undergo biological death, but were meant to be immortal. We may change in the spiritual sense (like Michael) growing ever closer into God, but our body was intended to be as immortal as Christ's transfigured body.
As I said above: our spiritual death / separation from God necessarily RENDS creation from its purpose of glorifying God as there is no longer anyone to proclaim that glory (creation declares it, but it has no voice), and though creation is prepared as an offering to God, there is no one to do the offering.
Only Christ fulfilled our priestly role within creation, so creation groans for His second coming and the fulfillment of its purpose. Now, instead of the cycle of life glorifying God's unchanging nature, it is purposeless.
An animal's existence is meaningless. Its death merely a death; its matter merely food for another's matter. There is no glory, no point.
But in Christ that point is resurrected. The animal, by being food to another, becomes a type of Christ. Christ's offering of all of creation in His own body transforms creation again into an offering to God. We were meant to be the bridge; Christ, as the truest human, fulfilled that role as "bridge" between God and man.
If death - real death - is separation from God, then our fall KILLED creation (separated it from its purpose) and Christ's recapitulation of creation UNDID that disobedience and RESURRECTS creation from that spiritual death.
Perhaps the new body will not need to eat. If it does, then it will not be death-as-mere-change-of-state that will end, but death-as-separation-from-God that will (in a sense) die out. Instead, our UNDERSTANDING of animal death will be transformed by our renewed unity with God; but I'm open to plants or animals continuing to consume biological and non-biological matter in a state of constant change that, in popular definition, would correspond to "biological" death.
I know various learned Orthodox on the world stage also would disagree with.
And an animal that is consumed by another, it doesn't go anywhere. Its matter (that is, the entirety of itself) is merely consumed by other animals or lifeforms and goes on living.
as do I, but I know of no saints or holy elders that do. so who do you put your stock in? I am in those men and women who spent a lifetime drawing close to the One Being who was there to see it go down.
My point was that to assert that the West does not teach that all of creation fell as a result of the Fall of Man because some Westerners believe in macroeveolution is not really a great argument, since some Orthodox do as well. If what you said is true of the West, then it would seem also to be true of the East, which you don't believe.
Very thought provoking and compelling posts, Macarius. Would that also apply to the concept of sickness prior to the fall of man? I mean with animals falling ill and suffering illness or would that also only apply to spiritual sickness and death?
Also, kind of an odd question: I know TE's have no issue with a First Cause as atheists do but what about entropy and the increasing complexity and persistence of life? I've heard arguments from creationists that evolution violates the law of entropy and the counter-arguments that sunlight/photosenthesis/etc. is what ultimately drives the propagation of and increasing complexity of life. How do Orthodox TE's believe on this issue?
Did life evolve without entropy prior to the fall or is entropy not a result of the fall?
Well, I would never suggest that I am a perfect exemplar of what Western theology says. However, it seems to me this is rather begging the question in the present discussion - you are assuming that macroevolution is indeed incompatible with the history of Orthodoxy - which several well read Orthodox here dispute, and I know various learned Orthodox on the world stage also would disagree with.
Entropy isn't a problem for TE because we believe in a guiding hand. It may be that entropy disproves the gradual RANDOM appearance of increasingly complex beings. But we don't believe in random. We believe in God as creator.
I'm also not convinced that entropy disproves evolution on purely scientific grounds, either, since random evolution really is a "breaking down" - the breaking down just occurs so many times that eventually (randomly) a "breaking down" actually causes something to result that is better adapted to the universe than what preceeded it - that thing survives and breeds, and thus increasing complexity is born through a chaotic process.
In Christ,
Macarius
i wonder what they did with the animal corpses in Paradise ...
Probably served as food for carnevores or bacteria (i.e. basic decomposition).
mmm the smell of Fido's carcass rotting in the sun, now thats my idea of Paradise!
I am sorry, this thread has gotten to the point of complete absurd ridiculousness.
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