The religion consists of 3 things: Islam, Iman and Ihsan. Islam are the rituals, the declaration of faith, prayer, fasting, charity and hajj. Iman is the faith, what we believe, in God, His Angels, His Books, His Messengers, the Day of Judgment and Divine Decree. Ihsan is the internal, the purification of the heart.
If one practices islam in it's totality, as it's suppose to be practiced, they will pay attention to the outward details AND the inward state of one's heart and soul. In the rituals of washing, we are not merely washing our outward limbs. We are washing to remind ourselves that we should not sin with our tongue, our hands, our eyes, our heart. With each movement, we ask forgiveness for our transgressions and seek to remain pure there after.
So no, they are not suppose to be empty rituals that are superficial and external. They are an extension of our inward purification.