However, even if there were many universes in existence, there's no reason why the strong nuclear force should vary from one universe to the next. By all logic and intuition, if a whole bunch of universes popped into being from some type of field or whatever, it would be much simpler if they all had exactly the same strong nuclear force. Other than an intelligent designer, what could possibly account for them each having a slightly different value?
The uncertainty of quantum mechanics. Remember, in QM we deal with probabilities. Therefore, if multiple universes popped into existence and QM was involved, then the math says that each would have different parameters because all the possible parameters would become real.
And even if universes naturally popped up with different values of the constant, they might well miss the necessary value. For example, if universes popped up where the percent of matter converted ranged from 1% and higher but not lower, then there'd be no universe with the correct value for life to occur.
This is where the hidden assumption and false logic come in. You are assuming that one of the universes
must have the parameters for life. But they don't have to. As you note, the correct value, or the proper laws, etc. might
all have been missed and
none of the universes have life in them. If that were the case, then we simply would not be here wondering about the whole thing. As it happens, one of the universes
does have life, so we can deduce that the range of parameters and laws included those that would give a universe with life. But there is no requirement that this would be the case.
As I noted, the math of QM says, however, that the entire range would be included. If it were not, then multiverse would never have survived its first test: the ability to give a universe where we exist.
However, in the absense of an intelligent designer, I see no reason why these universes should have laws at all. We can easily imagine universes with no physical laws. We can imagine universes with no matter. We can imagine universes where matter does not move. We can imagine universes where the physical laws change constantly so there are no stable structures. etc... In all of these cases, life would always be impossible no matter how many universes were contained in the multiverse.
The examples you mentioned would be among the
possibilities. And, as you noted, life would not be present. BUT, in a basically infinite number of universes where the parameters/laws vary by chance (QM), it is virtually certain that
one of them will have the qualities of this one.
Now, another alternative is that the parameters that seem so arbitrary to us actually are determined by underlying principles. One of the attractions of String Theory is that, at least, several of the parameters arise deterministically from the properties of the strings and 'branes and do not have to be chosen.
I know many people who have converted to Christianity because of what Jesus said and did, but none who converted because of arguments from intelligent design.
Andrew Flew. He was a rather famous atheist who claimed to convert based on his understanding of the arguments we have been discussing.