... there are all of those words with tribulation and rapture and then the really long words that I can't even remember to put here but that some people believe will happen...
It is easy to see your confusion. Even in your short list is a word that most people, who believe about that, are quick to say that the word is not in the scripture (Holy Bible.)
You are asking about a large area of study, and some people dedicate their adult lives to that study. I can tell you a few things to beware, which might keep you from the worst and most common misconceptions.
By all means, don't try to figure out the date for certain events from what you read in scripture. Certain of these things could begin happening tomorrow, or 250 years from now. Some may have started already! DON'T be one who, nor get wrapped up with people who do, SET DATES for prophetic events.
I knew the way a certain bunch of people thought back a couple decades ago, and saw one of the fellows on New Years Day that year. He look like someone had killed his puppy. It was obvious to me that his pastor believed a certain event (which likely will not happen the way he believed it would) was to happen in a certain year, because he had done some addition and subtraction of DATES. This made him think they would not see that new year begin, and when they did, the friends he had told that to were very disappointed!
If an event is not described particularly, putting it as a separate event, it may not be. It may be a different description of the same event. I recently heard one person, who studied this extensively, describe a certain set of scriptures, and show how obvious it had become that he had been taught wrongly about that. It seems obvious now, but when you let scholars and teachers sway your understanding, it clouds what would otherwise be obvious from reading Bible scriptures.
If it is not plainly stated in scripture when a certain thing will happen, be careful about taking some idea, and building a timeline from that. We can see that certain events have a reference in scripture in the Old Testament, and also, in the New Testament. The OT references may state things differently. Some of those are things that happened a few thousand years ago, but that show a striking similarity to something that we have yet to see. Connecting the references may shed light on your study, but could confuse the two SEPARATE EVENTS, and make it seem like they only refer to something that has not yet transpired.
Do not dismiss the ideas out of hand, though, for God does tell us in the Old Testament of things that are to happen, while He describes coming events of that ancient age. This is another reason why the whole thing can be very confusing.
In the final analysis, pray to the LORD as you study these things, and seek His guidance and faith to believe the prophecies correctly. You may have many years of fascinating study ahead, and this may keep you from getting too far off track.