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Religion is necessary, but not sufficient, for morality

o_mlly

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I define a successful society as one that is fully consistent with the rights of man, rights not determined by other men but by man's nature which is objective.
Interesting post. Exactly which "other men" in Objectivism are deemed the final authority that define human nature and subsequently the human needs and subsequently the human rights that emerge from such a nature?
 
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stevevw

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Yes, if just some people can't think, then in a good religion, those who can think can guide those who can't think. That works. The problem is that today, practically no one can think.
I am not sure what you mean by "think". I would say the charities that help the disadvantaged are capable of helping those who cannot do it for themselves. For example they can help the mentally ill by providing community care for them.

Modern society is not significantly different from every decaying society in history. All decaying cultures lose their religion. See Ecclesiastes 1:9-11. I would like to try to solve this general problem of societal decay.
So long as God is rejected society will gradually decline in one way or another. I guess we can only shine the light of God and hope some will see the light. Reason, logic and evidence can only go so far, then its a question of faith.
 
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Kylie

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Modern society is not significantly different from every decaying society in history. All decaying cultures lose their religion. See Ecclesiastes 1:9-11. I would like to try to solve this general problem of societal decay.

For the most part, the least religious countries correspond with the most peaceful countries.
 
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The happy Objectivist

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Interesting post. Exactly which "other men" in Objectivism are deemed the final authority that define human nature and subsequently the human needs and subsequently the human rights that emerge from such a nature?
None. There are no authorities. There is only logic applied to observed facts. That's where the objective part of morality comes from. Ayn Rand didn't start by going to any authority. She started by asking two questions. What is morality and why does man need it? She looked to reality, not other men. You don't have to look to her either. It takes a genius to discover the principles of morality but average men and women can take those principles and validate them for themselves by looking at reality. Always look to reality. It is the standard and logic is the method.
 
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Astrid

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So long as God is rejected society will gradually decline in one way or another. /QUOTE]

I'm.still always a bit surprised by the gay abandon
with which so many religious people just make
things up and feel entitled to state them as fact.
 
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The happy Objectivist

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So long as God is rejected society will gradually decline in one way or another. I guess we can only shine the light of God and hope some will see the light. Reason, logic, and evidence can only go so far, then its a question of faith.
As long as God is accepted and used as a basis for morality, societies will continue to fail as the morality of self-sacrifice will do its destructive thing and we will have crime, war, poverty, hatred, distrust, violence, rape, etc. So long as those who reject the notion of gods keep the same secular version of the morality of self-sacrifice, the same. There are no general facts about reality that are not available to man through reason guided by logic. We may not know what's under a rock on some unnamed planet on the other side of the galaxy that we can't get to, but we know what a rock is anywhere in the universe. The same goes for any general fact that we can observe and conceptualize here on earth. That's because time and place are measurements that are omitted in the process of forming abstractions. The idea that faith is a valid form of knowledge is actually a complete rejection of reason.

Faith is wishing, and pretending that what we wish for is real. That's not my definition but the Bible's. Faith is the substance of that which is hoped for. The substance of hope is a wish or desire. Faith is the evidence of that which is not seen. Wishing is the evidence of that which is not seen. If it's seen, we don't need to hope for it.
 
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The happy Objectivist

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Interesting post. Exactly which "other men" in Objectivism are deemed the final authority that define human nature and subsequently the human needs and subsequently the human rights that emerge from such a nature?
Interesting post. Exactly which "other men" in Objectivism are deemed the final authority that define human nature and subsequently the human needs and subsequently the human rights that emerge from such a nature?
Also, we need to define what a right is. A right is a moral principle that sanctions and defines the limits of human action in a social setting. Rights are a political concept that derives from ethics considered in a social setting.
 
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stevevw

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As long as God is accepted and used as a basis for morality, societies will continue to fail as the morality of self-sacrifice will do its destructive thing and we will have crime, war, poverty, hatred, distrust, violence, rape, etc. So long as those who reject the notion of gods keep the same secular version of the morality of self-sacrifice, the same.
Can you explain how self-sacrifice causes war, crime, poverty and hatred.
There are no general facts about reality that are not available to man through reason guided by logic.
Can you verify with logic and reason why logic and reason are the only way we can know reality.
We may not know what's under a rock on some unnamed planet on the other side of the galaxy that we can't get to, but we know what a rock is anywhere in the universe. The same goes for any general fact that we can observe and conceptualize here on earth. That's because time and place are measurements that are omitted in the process of forming abstractions. The idea that faith is a valid form of knowledge is actually a complete rejection of reason.
Yet we live by faith and abstract truths everyday. All that logic proves is that we can know what a rock on the other side of the galaxy may be like, that's it. Though there's still an element of faith in that we have not actually gone there to test that.

But it doesn't help when it comes to morality, and other abstracts like love, transcendence, conscious experience which are all aspects of reality. These are made up of a different thing to material things like rocks and objects. They cannot be reduced to chemicals, minerals, particles etc. Yet they are every bit as real.

Faith is wishing, and pretending that what we wish for is real. That's not my definition but the Bible's. Faith is the substance of that which is hoped for. The substance of hope is a wish or desire. Faith is the evidence of that which is not seen. Wishing is the evidence of that which is not seen. If it's seen, we don't need to hope for it.
Not sure how you got to that interpretation but it is not what the bible says. The actual verse is "faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen".

So there is a substance to faith which is what hope brings. Its tangible in that it makes a difference in life and death and in psychological well-being. In changing societies and even the world. This is evidenced in how faith gives hope to those who cannot find hope in a world that offers none.

Faith also offers evidence to those who trust in God or even another person or organization in how it changes them and others. Its not the same type of evidence that scientific materialism offers but none the less just as true. People live by faith everyday and it doesn't have to be in God.
 
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Kylie

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Can you verify with logic and reason why logic and reason are the only way we can know reality.

It is the only method that produces consistent results.

Other methods produce inconsistent results. One person gets one result, another person gets a completely different result, a third person gets something else. Unless you are suggesting that reality can be completely different for different people all at the same time, then any method that produces inconsistent results should be discarded as unreliable.
 
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stevevw

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Estrid said
I'm.still always a bit surprised by the gay abandon
with which so many religious people just make
things up and feel entitled to state them as fact.
Why, it stands to reason. Humans are moral creatures. We need morality simply because we need to live together as humans can do nasty and horrible things to each other. So we need as a society some moral standard. But any moral standard created by humans is fallible and will fail.

The only way we can have a moral standard is to base it on something independent of human opinion. God was that independent standard up until recently and still is for many.

But as humans are moral creatures and need a moral standard when they get rid of God who was the independent standard a void is left. That void is open to be filled with human made ideas which could be anything.

But no matter what the void is filled with its going to be inferior because the fact is humans are fallible creatures who get morality wrong. So obviously a fallible morality is going to decline moral standards as opposed to an independent standard that is non-corruptible.
 
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stevevw

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It is the only method that produces consistent results.
Consistent results for what. Its a limited measure of only certain aspects of reality such as the material things in life. But even logic can be illogical IE logic cannot verify itself as the only true knowledge of reality. Its circular reasoning which is illogical.

But what about say 'kindness' or the opposite 'violence'. We can see consistent results of these abstract concepts at work everyday. Yet 'kindness and violence' by nature are not something we can measure scientifically as a material thing. Only indirectly by the effects they have in the material world.

Other methods produce inconsistent results. One person gets one result, another person gets a completely different result, a third person gets something else. Unless you are suggesting that reality can be completely different for different people all at the same time, then any method that produces inconsistent results should be discarded as unreliable.
That doesn't answer my question, its just a rationalization based on faith in the power of logic in that you accept logic as true despite not being able to prove it is the only way we can know reality.

Our 1st person conscious experience is subjective yet its the only real thing we have to know reality. All else that follows is a human made construction (3rd person) based on limited knowledge of reality.

If you then insist that its the only way we can know reality then your making an ontological claim that this is what reality comes down to which is metaphysics and beyond science.
 
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Kylie

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Consistent results for what. Its a limited measure of only certain aspects of reality such as the material things in life. But even logic can be illogical IE logic cannot verify itself as the only true knowledge of reality. Its circular reasoning which is illogical.

If I measure the temperature of some lava as it erupts, I will get a certain result. Anyone else measuring the same lava will get the same result. If I measure the diameter of an impact crater, I will get a certain result. Anyone else measuring that same crater will get the same result. If I measure the speed of a bird flying through the air, I will get a certain result. If someone else measures the same bird, they will get the same result.

It is impossible for me to measure the lava at 1000 degrees and someone else measures the lava at 200 degrees. It is impossible for me to measure the crater's diameter at 100 kilometers and someone else measures the crater at three meters. It is impossible for me to measure the bird flying at 70 kilometers an hour and someone else measures the bird at 10 kilometers an hour.

If the results are not consistent, then we have no way of knowing which of the results is correct. We can't even know that any of the results are correct. Any method that does not produce consistent results is absolute garbage. It is worthless and should not be relied on.

That doesn't answer my question, its just a rationalization based on faith in the power of logic in that you accept logic as true despite not being able to prove it is the only way we can know reality.

Our 1st person conscious experience is subjective yet its the only real thing we have to know reality. All else that follows is a human made construction (3rd person) based on limited knowledge of reality.

When the subjective experience of lots of different people ALL point to the same result, it indicates that they are perceiving some aspect of objective reality. Can your alternative method of investigation say the same thing? Why should we accept it as accurate if it is always different for different people?
 
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Ken-1122

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The only way we can have a moral standard is to base it on something independent of human opinion. God was that independent standard up until recently and still is for many.
God depends on humans to interpret his standard, thus it always fails.
 
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stevevw

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God depends on humans to interpret his standard, thus it always fails.
We already know Gods moral standards, its written in our hearts and conscience. If morals need human interpretation then we are in trouble as human interpretation is fallible and subject to corruption.
 
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stevevw

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If I measure the temperature of some lava as it erupts, I will get a certain result. Anyone else measuring the same lava will get the same result. If I measure the diameter of an impact crater, I will get a certain result. Anyone else measuring that same crater will get the same result. If I measure the speed of a bird flying through the air, I will get a certain result. If someone else measures the same bird, they will get the same result.

It is impossible for me to measure the lava at 1000 degrees and someone else measures the lava at 200 degrees. It is impossible for me to measure the crater's diameter at 100 kilometers and someone else measures the crater at three meters. It is impossible for me to measure the bird flying at 70 kilometers an hour and someone else measures the bird at 10 kilometers an hour.

If the results are not consistent, then we have no way of knowing which of the results is correct. We can't even know that any of the results are correct. Any method that does not produce consistent results is absolute garbage. It is worthless and should not be relied on.
Yes the scientific measure is designed to measure the perceived material world. But that's all its good for.

But there's another layer of knowledge and its not material yet its just as important as the measure of material things. Our experiences and beliefs can also reveal knowledge about the world. Like Indigenous knowledge which has been around for thousands of years well before material science came along.

We can gain new knowledge through experience. We can know all the mechanisms and measures of music for example even a deaf person can understand this. But if someone deaf has never heard Mozart's Requiem and then was able to experience the joy and exhilaration of it for the first time they would have gained new knowledge they had never had before.

Yet the experience of joy and exhilaration are non material and non-reducible to mechanisms. This experience is every bit as real and relevant to reality as any material thing.

We don't see the world as material objects. We first see objects like mountains and lava as abstract representations of meaning. That's how we map the world out. So measuring how hot or cold lava is only has representation because of a mental concept we attach to it. That's all down to conscious experiences.

Its the abstract concepts we attach to the material world through our experience and embodiment of it that makes reality and without this objects are 'well' just objects. If humans are only reduced to material objects themselves then there is no meaning and measuring lava and earthquakes is irrelevant.

We cannot remove ourselves from the equation of how we see the world so it seems its our conscious subject experience which makes the best measure of reality. Sure science is very useful for working with the world in a mechanistic and material way but that's only part of the picture of reality.

The problem is many make science the whole picture and claim science also tells us what reality is which is stepping beyond what science can do.

When the subjective experience of lots of different people ALL point to the same result, it indicates that they are perceiving some aspect of objective reality. Can your alternative method of investigation say the same thing? Why should we accept it as accurate if it is always different for different people?
Like I said I don' dispute science. I am saying it has its limits and there's a lot to reality that falls outside it that's every bit as important if not more to how we understand reality.

In fact even science is pointing to the material world being some interface that we create to make it comprehensible but is an illusion that represents some fundamentally non-material remembering that what we think is objective reality is actually 99.999% empty space.
 
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o_mlly

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None. There are no authorities. There is only logic applied to observed facts. That's where the objective part of morality comes from. Ayn Rand didn't start by going to any authority. She started by asking two questions. What is morality and why does man need it? She looked to reality, not other men. You don't have to look to her either. It takes a genius to discover the principles of morality but average men and women can take those principles and validate them for themselves by looking at reality. Always look to reality. It is the standard and logic is the method.
Exactly who is/are the genius(es) that have disclosed the principles of morality that enlightened average men and women? Without awareness of those moral principles, it would seem objectivism cannot move forward as nothing can be validated a posteriori that is not a priori known.
 
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o_mlly

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Also, we need to define what a right is. A right is a moral principle that sanctions and defines the limits of human action in a social setting. Rights are a political concept that derives from ethics considered in a social setting.

We have (or had) a point of agreement that the basis for human rights is our human nature. A human right proceeds from a human need. All human beings have the same specifically human needs necessary to live a human life.

We cannot ever say that we ought or ought not to need something. The words "ought" and "ought not" apply only to wants, never to needs. If a natural need exist then a natural right exists. As opposed to an acquired want to which we have no natural right.

Human needs (not wants) are determined by our nature, our natural desires, and the word "wants" for the desires we acquire. Not so?
 
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Astrid

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Why, it stands to reason. Humans are moral creatures. We need morality simply because we need to live together as humans can do nasty and horrible things to each other. So we need as a society some moral standard. But any moral standard created by humans is fallible and will fail.

The only way we can have a moral standard is to base it on something independent of human opinion. God was that independent standard up until recently and still is for many.

But as humans are moral creatures and need a moral standard when they get rid of God who was the independent standard a void is left. That void is open to be filled with human made ideas which could be anything.

But no matter what the void is filled with its going to be inferior because the fact is humans are fallible creatures who get morality wrong. So obviously a fallible morality is going to decline moral standards as opposed to an independent standard that is non-corruptible.

Good example of what I said, about making things up.
A bit of lead in about " reason" and then the made up
fact.
"....will fail".

Followed immediate by the next made up fact,
" The only way..."

I need read no more.
 
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