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In my opinion the question "Does a perfectly moral God exist?" merely pretends to be an epistemic question, while actually it is an unfortunate combination of an epistemic and a moral question.Do you think you can count things out, like my previous example of a perfectly moral God?
It seems kinda shallow to me to believe things for pleasure.
In my opinion it's better to have principles, like caring about truth. If you care about truth you'll want to avoid false beliefs, which doesn't mean just accepting things without reason.
It seems to me you are afraid of pleasure, perhaps.
As a Christian I don't have to see truth, goodness, and beauty in contradiction. The atheist has to say one of those things alone is important, and discount the rest as subjective. You seem to be hung up on "truth", and discounting everything else you can experience.
I believe we find truth in our experiences out in life. In that goodness and beauty (which is, as Percival pointed out, why art and literature is so very important). Not sophistry or spurious reasoning. Even a fictional story can reveal important truths. Much is the same with belief in God. God is not literally a person, a man in the sky riding on a chariot, but thinking about God in such ways is not incompatible with truth when it is accepted provisionally.
It seems to me you are afraid of pleasure, perhaps, and your preference is to view the world as being overly sterile and joyless.
I believe we find truth in our experiences out in life: in that goodness and beauty (which is, as Percival pointed out, why art and literature is so very important, even if the subject matter is not "real", it speaks to real truths about our condition). Even a fictional story can reveal important truths.
Much is the same with belief in God.
It seems to me you are afraid of pleasure, perhaps, and your preference is to view the world as being overly sterile and joyless.
As a Christian I don't have to see truth, goodness, and beauty in contradiction. The atheist has to say one of those things alone is important, and discount the rest as subjective. You seem to be hung up on "truth", and discounting everything else you can experience.
I believe we find truth in our experiences out in life: in that goodness and beauty (which is, as Percival pointed out, why art and literature is so very important, even if the subject matter is not "real", it speaks to real truths about our condition). Even a fictional story can reveal important truths. Much is the same with belief in God. God is not literally a person, a man in the sky riding on a chariot, but thinking about God in such ways is not incompatible with truth when it is accepted provisionally. This is where it is necessary to understand both apophatic theology and mystagogy to fully understand where the Christian is coming from. Taking all "God-talk" overly literally is a category error. Mature Christians realize this, and yet, at the same time realize that the "God-talk" points to deep truths about reality.
You give the impression of caring about skepticism an awful lot, more than is sensible.
The real Greek Skeptics did not care about truth. They believed by losing attachment to all dogmatic beliefs, they could eventually find inner peace in a care-free existence, not truth. The two are not necessarily the same, and a Greek skeptic would probably find you attachment to truth a vice.
Now, skepticism cane to take on a slightly different meaning: during the late Renaissance and early modern period, skepticism re-emerged as a tactic used in religious polemics of Protestants vs. Catholics. Soon, despisers of religion adopted the neo-skeptical philosophy wholesale to reject religion altogether. Skepticism has never been a tool to pursue truth, only some other ends. Either for religious polemicism or as a tool of anti-Christian secularism. It's never been about a naked pursuit of truth.
You are free to perceive it as you wish. I was just explaining why I didn´t answer the question, and why not answering the question doesn´t equal you disallowing to ask it.
For me, the point is pretty much similar to what the point of music, of story telling, of theatre, of metaphores, of creativity is: Inspiring each other, offer and share that which we perceive as beautiful ideas and visions.
Look, there wouldn´t be much point in watching a movie and asking yourself all the time: "But is this true?".
[But since you are so hell-bound to carry it here, I will humour you.
I don´t believe that morality is a matter of truth. I´m not a moral realist.
But if assuming for a moment that morality were a matter of truth:
Even if it turned out tomorrow that it´s true that killing, raping, injuring, genocide and torture are the means we are morally obliged to utilize at every given opportunity, it wouldn´t change my opinion and it wouldn´t change my behaviour. So much for the significance of "moral truths" (if such existed).]
Cool. So we needn´t discuss it in the fundamentalist way I was afraid you meant to discuss it. We can discuss what the exceptions are.
I´m not sure I get how this is a comparison in size.
The ideal of "truth" as a "bigger principle" seems to be some sort of metaphysical idea itself. As such, I am tempted to argue that you hold it because it suits your needs best.
But, anyway, by the same token, "beauty", "inspiration", "fulfilment of needs" would be "bigger principles", as well. Thus, I don´t agree with the hidden assertion that your position is a position of values and principles, and mine is not.
The question is not "Values or not?", but "Which values?".
Yes, I think it is a belief. I do not think it can be a truth claim.
I understood that. I just don´t agree.
If I knew that God existed or didn´t exist I wouldn´t have to hold a respective belief.
"Beliefs" are held in the realm of possibilities, in the absence of knowledge.
"I believe that God exists" isn´t.
And, personally, I take every "God exists" for "I believe God exists", in the same way as I take "blue is better than red" as "I believe blue is better than red."
With my friends, I am known for having the habit of occasionally shredding a song into pieces with intellectual arguments, with the result "This song is a worthless piece of crap.". Everyone involved know that this is just another way of saying "I don´t like this song", and that the intellectual part is just a post-hoc rationalization.
Well, you don´t know that they are not real, do you?
So this doesn´t seem to be the appropriate way of going about this. It´s mere question begging.
And, while I am at humouring you in responding to off topic questions, I will answer to this, as well:
In my opinion the question "Does a perfectly moral God exist?" merely pretends to be an epistemic question, while actually it is an unfortunate combination of an epistemic and a moral question.
The epistemic question would be: "Does a God exist?". Moral judgements about this God are an entirely different matter.
It would be like asking "Does a beautiful Paradoxum exist?". In the interest of a proper approach, I would much prefer to keep the questions "Does Paradoxum exist?", and - upon having answered this question yes - "Is she beautiful?" separate.
You don't seem to understand uncertainty. One can be certain that God does or doesn't exist, and in that case one must be true to those beliefs to be truthful. I'm not addressing those issues, only the case of someone who is uncertain whether or not God exists. When uncertain, one must choose whether to live consistently with one belief or the other, and either choice is equally honest, puts equal value on truth, and either could be right or wrong. I'm stating that my values would favor choosing the theistic lifestyle in such a case.
Study philosophical utilitarianism. The word utilitarian does not have the same connotation in that context as it does colloquially.
Yes, I accept that you may have good reasons for your belief and can respect that. Just had to mention that skepticism does not automatically have disinterested motives, it can gratify personal desires as much as belief can, depending on one's situation. I do encourage self-examination, to cultivate mindfulness of one's motives and openness to other possibilities. Consider that there may be good evidence for theism that you haven't come across yet, so just stay open enough that if you do in the future you won't ignore it. I sometimes consider what would happen if various other beliefs turn out to be true, I think that's healthy to do.
Again, if one is uncertain either option could turn out to be the real life. if one option helps you attain your values better it's the more practical choice, and valuing truth is equal either way.
True. In the same way, there is no 'Holy book of Theism.' Usually people who commit violence in the name of god have political or other motives in reality. And particular religious sects may teach violence, like extremist Islam, in the same way that particular atheistic ideologies may, as in Marxist advocation of violent class struggles.
Some pleasures are deeper than others. Your reasoning could be used to disparage art and fiction; many of our deepest pleasures involve imagining things that are not real. How deep a pleasure is can be subjective, I'm just giving my perception.
True. I'd give it a mid-level rating on depth.
[/QUOTE]yeah, personality has only a secondary role in affecting our beliefs, experiences and background have more.
When I said without God one's values must be strictly utilitarian, I meant it in the philosophical sense, illustrated in the words of John Stuart Mill: "the greatest good for the greatest number", or in Sam Harris' words: "whatever is farthest from the worst possible misery for everyone."
Well that's probably true. In what way do you think my epistemology and metaphysics are lacking? And is that different from your disagreeing with me?
Nothing wrong, but human reasoning can only carry us just so far (ala Kant). I'm not posturing a dichotomy between reasoning or the lack thereof. Rather, I'm suggesting that human reason is great and wonderful, but when dealing with the 'God Question,' it won't get us far if we a dealing with a Being who happens to be Sovereign and whose essence itself is inverted from what can usually be encountered at a humanly empirical level.If evidence includes reasoning, what is the weakness of having good reasons for beliefs?
It can be both.I have no idea if that's a good thing or not.
I'm doubtful anyone who's studied the issue can believe otherwise. There are many arguments that different people have found convincing and caused a change in belief in both directionsI'd say that acting consistently with not being sure means lacking the belief. Lacking a belief is the default. So you don't need to take sides.
If you think you have evidence for God, and against God, I'd be somewhat sympathetic towards someone taking a side though.
I guess I jumped to conclusions. I'm just a philosophy (grad) student, and am reading about utilitarianism and the misconceptions people have had about it. Can you list the other options?Considering my degree is in Philosophy (including ethics), I hope that's the definition I'm thinking of.
But my question still stands... why do you think an atheist must be utilitarian, rather than follow some other moral theory?
I think there are some problems with the traditional, or at least fundamentalist conceptions of God. It seems pretty clear to me that he is following a version of the Prime Directive (Star Trek). And the traditional view of heaven and hell is pretty bad.I open I'd be open to belief, but if there is a traditional Christian God, I don't see why we don't all know that now anyway. Why doesn't he make himself constantly know to all, and heal the sick?
In theory, but in practice sometimes you have to make one choice or the other. I suppose one can be mentally withholding judgment and still doing religious activities.Though you could without judgement, rather than taking sides. I'd say that's more consistent.
Marxism is to atheism as specific religions are to theism. The umbrella belief has much less impact on action than the specific one. And human nature is there in either case.I think religion plays a big part in the violence, in that it's a prime motivator for it. Atheism doesn't motivate Marxism.
Say what?
There are many atheists out there who favor virtue ethics, deontology, or some other non-Utilitarian view. I personally am very anti-Utilitarianism.
Just because Sam Harris favors a form of Utilitarianism (assuming he does) doesn't mean that all atheists are required to be Utilitarians. I can't imagine why you would think that this position among all the possibilities out there is an ethical inevitability.
eudaimonia,
Mark
That begs the question: How do you know that?Truthfully, I can't say fully how you may be lacking since I haven't seen everything you've said. But, from just the 'inklings' that I have seen, it seems that you ...(how do I say this without being a jerk)...you seem to harbor on Evidentialism and Foundationalism without having wrestled with the intricacies of their respective superstructures (which basically means I'm not sure you've studied their strengths and weaknesses as epistemological positions.) [Maybe you have, and I'm just to dense to see it.]
Nothing wrong, but human reasoning can only carry us just so far (ala Kant). I'm not posturing a dichotomy between reasoning or the lack thereof. Rather, I'm suggesting that human reason is great and wonderful, but when dealing with the 'God Question,' it won't get us far if we a dealing with a Being who happens to be Sovereign and whose essence itself is inverted from what can usually be encountered at a humanly empirical level.
...
I have some trouble seeing validity in alternatives to utilitarianism regardless of one's beliefs about God actually, though whether you belief in God, or in an afterlife, affects how you would apply utilitarianism. Are there non-utilitarian views of ethics that are neither relativistic nor based on divine commands?
Are there non-utilitarian views of ethics that are neither relativistic nor based on divine commands?
I like virtue ethics too. It fits nicely under the umbrella of utilitarianism, improves personal well-being. Even deontology does, in pragmatic way, since having specific commands to follow helps those who are less philosophical or intelligent generally do the right thing. Hopefully those rules they follow will have been made by a utilitarian. Social contracts are relativistic, therefore not an ultimate foundation of ethics, though a helpful part of applying them.
That begs the question: How do you know that?
Truthfully, I can't say fully how you may be lacking since I haven't seen everything you've said. But, from just the 'inklings' that I have seen, it seems that you ...(how do I say this without being a jerk)...you seem to harbor on Evidentialism and Foundationalism without having wrestled with the intricacies of their respective superstructures (which basically means I'm not sure you've studied their strengths and weaknesses as epistemological positions.) [Maybe you have, and I'm just to dense to see it.]
Nothing wrong, but human reasoning can only carry us just so far (ala Kant). I'm not posturing a dichotomy between reasoning or the lack thereof. Rather, I'm suggesting that human reason is great and wonderful, but when dealing with the 'God Question,' it won't get us far if we a dealing with a Being who happens to be Sovereign and whose essence itself is inverted from what can usually be encountered at a humanly empirical level.
It can be both.
I guess I jumped to conclusions. I'm just a philosophy (grad) student, and am reading about utilitarianism and the misconceptions people have had about it. Can you list the other options?
I think there are some problems with the traditional, or at least fundamentalist conceptions of God. It seems pretty clear to me that he is following a version of the Prime Directive (Star Trek). And the traditional view of heaven and hell is pretty bad.
In theory, but in practice sometimes you have to make one choice or the other. I suppose one can be mentally withholding judgment and still doing religious activities.
Marxism is to atheism as specific religions are to theism. The umbrella belief has much less impact on action than the specific one. And human nature is there in either case.
"That" begs the question? You'll need to be a little more specific regarding which aspect of my response to Paradoxum you find questionable, Davian.
(my bold)...
Nothing wrong, but human reasoning can only carry us just so far (ala Kant). I'm not posturing a dichotomy between reasoning or the lack thereof. Rather, I'm suggesting that human reason is great and wonderful, but when dealing with the 'God Question,' it won't get us far if we a dealing with a Being who happens to be Sovereign and whose essence itself is inverted from what can usually be encountered at a humanly empirical level.
...
(my bold)
That begs the question: How do you know that?
Could we not also say that "it won't get us far if we are dealing with a Being that is entirely imaginary"?
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