We do celebrate some of them. Passover = Pascha. Shavuot= Pentecost...they are direct fulfillments, even calculated in the same way. HaBikkurim (firstfruits)=Pascha (the firstfruits of them that slept). Shavuot...Pentecost, counting the Omer of 50 days. This is not Judaizing...it is fully understanding our roots in Judaism...these feasts did not appear out of the blue to Orthodoxy!
That's my point...that the Orthodox feast days of these fulfill the Jewish version.
Some of this was discussed more in-depth in another discussion called
Happy Hanukkah (as seen in
#115 ) on the way that traditional Feast Days which the Apostles celebrated had differing meanings than they did before after Christ rose - and as the Church developed its Liturgical calender, new feast days were made for differing reasons.
As said there, s we know, every believer in that early time (at least, every Jewish believer) kept BOTH the Biblical Sabbath AND a first-day celebration. ...and this was all a part of development occurring.
And we see this even further in the Calender Year development. For the Jewish Christians (concerning the
Seven Feasts of Israel ), there were three pilgrimage feasts:
- Passover
- Pesach
- Massot
- First Fruits
- Pentecost – Shavuot
- Feast of Tabernacles – Sukkot
And other important feasts, but not every possible feast, were the following:
- Rosh Ha-Shanah – New Year Festival
- Yom Kippur – Day of Atonement
- First Fruits - Beginning of the Harvest
- Chag HaMatzot - Festival of Unleavened Bread
- Hanukkah – Feast of Lights or Feast of the Dedication of the Temple, commemorating events in the Book of Maccabees
- Purim – Feast of Lots, commemorating the events of the Book of Esther
Those things all took on a different level of practice when Christ came - people no longer made sacrifices of Atonement on Yom Kippur because Christ was our Atonement - although the day became one they remembered the Lord's deliverance. And Sukkot became a time of remembering how the Lord tabernacle with us just as they set up booths in the wilderness. First Fruits became a time of remembering how Christ was the First Fruits of the Resurrection - with it being the case that it so happened to occur on Sunday anyhow.....and during Pentecost (giving even more dimensions to where the Holidays all POINTED to Christ throughout the OT and into the NT).
The feasts - and the entire Old Testament - are fulfilled in Christ (Luke 24:26). And we should teach about how the Old Testament feasts were fulfilled in the New Testament. For the Feasts and laws of the Lord were a tutor (Galatians 3:24) to lead the Israelites to the Savior - The apostle Paul described the Hebrew calendar as a "mere shadow" of what was to come (Colossians 2:16-17) ...with the Apostle not condemning those Jewish Christians who wished to continue celebrating the Jewish holidays since others were exalting those things in/of themselves as if they could bring salvation - and Paul's focus was on asserting that the festivals lead to Christ in what they pointed to.
And this is why the Early Church had no issue either discussing that directly during the times of those feasts occurring - or wishing good will during those times since they had the perspective of Christ (as the Book of Hebrews points out in-depth).
Christmas has been fulfilled, but we still celebrate that - and Easter has been fulfilled and yet it's still celebrated - for the fulfillment in the acts of Jesus should only serve to EMPHASIZE the purposes underlying those feasts, not obviate the necessity of them in what can be learned - and this is why the Jewish Christians had no issues participating in them with new lenses and applications.
This was not a battle, however, for Gentile believers. In a development fully and completely parallel to the development of the various Jewish feast days, the great Christian feast days created harmonized with the Jewish feasts in one great detail.....for they demonstrate the deliverance of God, but through Our Lord Jesus Christ.
Whereas what the Jewish Christians had grown up with in the Biblical Feasts was focused on celebrating God’s deliverance in great historical events, the new feasts were developed to celebrate God’s deliverance in both the life of Our Lord Jesus Christ and in the lives of the Theotokos, Our Lady, as well as other figures important to New Testament salvation history such as the Forerunner, St. John the Baptist.
This innovation was a demonstration of how the Christian liturgical year follows the same philosophical underpinning as the Jewish liturgical year, even though they were both oriented around the Messiah from different perspectives/emphasis.
And St. Paul clearly gave permission for the Gentile Christians to not have to follow the Jewish calendar. It is the case that St John and his school, at least until the 2nd Century, were being more “Jewish” in their observance. What changed many thigns was that in the second century, a council of Rabbis declared a Jewish General to be the Messiah and he led a revolt against Rome.
Although the Christians found themselves on both Sides in this war, split between Jewish Christians and their Gentile compatriots and Christians trapped in the Roman Army, both groups of Christians could agree that Bar Kochba was not the Messiah. But afterward, Christian support of Jewish claims suddenly vanished - commemorated in the 19th benediction against traitors, still said in the synagogue liturgy.....and from that moment forward the idea of doing anything on the Jewish pattern was no longer really a viable option within the now-largely Gentile Christian community.
But the Gentiles continued to develop their own festivals and ideas at this point (a blessing from the Lord) - but the Jewish Christians never ceased in also valuing what the Lord gave.
And this goes back to the example of Polycarp - who honored the Apostle John he studied under and followed his tradition when it came to celebrating on the Passover since that was of high importance.