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Well, if you feel I'm ignorant about the Roman concept of person, why don't you provide some evidence here to enlightenment me? So far, you have failed to show how this has any relevance to the social theory of the Trinity. And until I see your case about Roman personhood, I'm sticking to my guns.
I don't do chaps research for them, although by way of a hint I might well suggest you look up the legal status of slaves in the Roman Empire.
When Augustine and others here speak of "three men" their account, they mean three egos, three personalities.
"Men," "egos" and to a certain extent, "personalities," are not suitable descriptions for the Trinity. One of the Cappadocians, if memory serves, St. Gregory Nazianzus, refused to even use the word "three," saying that the Trinity was not arithmetic and that counting the prosopa was inappropriate.
If one rejects sacred Scripture and commits various errors of logic? Evidence, please. Without you providing any evidence, all you have done is state your opinion on the matter. Who says you are at all accurate? If you want to be critical of me, fine; but you need to provide solid evidence to back your points.
I have already enumerated the logical errors of your argument. Regarding Scripture, I assume by virtue of your theological training that you ought to know which specific verses support the idea of divine omniscience, omnipotence, and so on; I had assumed that knowing this, you subscribed to your doctrine on the basis of a non-literal interpretation of those verses. If you need me to produce them, I cannot say I am happy to do so; I will do it, but I would be inclined to think less of your intellectual qualifications at that point.
The Cappadocians did not have the modern social theory of the Trinity? C'mon. They argued God is a cosmic society of three personalities. That's the modern social theory to the hilt.
To some extent, the Orthodox doctrine corresponds to the Social Theory, but it is not the Social Theory, particularly not when we consider, for example, the expressions of Ss. Basil and Gregory Nazianzus on the nature of God as a whole.
Calvin is not a church father? Maybe not to the East, but he sure is considered one in the West.
Not by Calvinists or Roman Catholics. The RC doctrine is that St. John of Damascus was the last Patristic figure, whereas the Calvinists regard Calvin as preeminent among the 16th century Reformers.
It wouldn't hurt for you to respect the West a bit more.
It would, actually.
Anyhow, charges of heresy have nothing to do with whether or not one is considered a church father. Luther was declared a heretic and yet he is considered a church father.
Not by Lutherans. We do of course enumerate some Patristic figures who were later anathematized or who died schismatic; Tertullian, Origen, and Theodore of Mopsuestia, for example.
Church father simply major movers and shakers. Anyhow, the reason I introduced Calvin here was to give an example of muddled thinking on the part of at least what we in the West consider a church father. If you don't want to consider him that, he still stands as an example of how church leaders were muddled and highly contradictory.
That some church leaders (that is to say, heresiarchs) were muddled and contradictory is readily admitted by the Orthodox. Indeed, St. Irenaeus of Lyons and St. Epiphanius of Salamis are chiefly remembered for pointing out precisely how muddled various heresiarchs were.
You can only consider the biblical God to be changing if you read literally and anthropomorphically? How else do you want to read Scripture? Quarrel if you must with the anthropomorphic language of Scripture as a mere concession to our intellects, still at a minimum this language means God is affectively sensitive, experiencing affect states analogous to pleasure and displeasure, in ourselves. If the metaphors of Scripture do not fit the actual reality of God, then they reveal nothing about God and should be thrown out.
We can interpret these passages as referring metaphorically to divine love, without contradicting those passages which convey the immutability of God.
That was another problem I have with classical theism. Calvin and others would come along, argue fir a literal reading of Scripture, and then be selective about it, taking as literal passages that speak of God as immutable and then taking as mere figures of speech those speaking of change and emotion in God. If that isn't hypocrisy, I don't know what is.
It's not hypocrisy, in that the wisdom of this approach was historically obvious and universally accepted until Process Theology. If you want to argue that the entire Church got it quite badly wrong for nineteen centuries, why even bother with Christianity?
So, granting validity to those passages that speak of God as changing, and there are about a hundred, then Scripture has presented a complex picture of God as both mutable and immutable, which is the process position as well.
There exists a rather obvious logical fallacy in that remark. Does Process discard the Law of the Excluded Middle?
Only one verse of Scripture claims God doesn't know the future? I cited more than just one. I referred both to Sodom and also Jeremiah 18. And if there were only one verse, how did it manage to get there if the biblical writers all assumed God knows the future?
The reverse argument also applies, and one has to commit to one interpretation or the other, or else risk descending into sophistry.
Calvinists employ torrents of Scripture in support of predestination? Hey, I thought you viewed Calvin as a heretic and therefore unworthy of consideration. Furthermore, I do not agree that the passages Calvinists cite prove predestination. I don't have time to go into more detail here about these passages.
My point is, that even Calvinism with all its flaws can rebut Process on this point successfully is a compelling reason to reject Process.
Process flies in the face of Scripture, ignoring the distinction between the human and divine in Jesus? Where does Scripture say that Christ had two separate, independent natures? Where in Scripture does it say that only the human suffered, that the divine was incapable of suffering? What was Christ, some kind of split personality, one half suffering, the other half laughing up on the Cross? Why can't God suffer anyway? The Arian objection that Christ could not be God was based precisely on that assumption, that God cannot suffer. How does insisting the God part of Christ does not suffer do anything more than reinforce the Arian position?
You need to revise, urgently, regarding the Arian controversy, Apollinarianism, Theodore of Mopsuestia, St. Cyril, the Council of Ephesus, Eutyches, the Chalcedonian Schism, the Theopaschite controversy and Oriental Orthodox Christology. As it stands, there are so many problems with your argument, that even Nestorius, who my own Syriac Orthodox church regards as a vile figure, could offer a compelling refutation of your argument. On the other hand, lest you should attempt to reconcile your view with Oriental Orthodx miaphysitism and the Theopaschite Clause, what you describe is dorectly contrary to the Miaphysis formula of St. Cyril; indeed, the Coptic Orthodox liturgy directly contradicts your position.
We shouldn't hold to a theological scheme because I appeals to us. Origin did and he was declared a heretic. The charge of 'heretic" simply says that one does not go along with the teachings of some church, period. That's it. Such a charge says nothing about the validity of the heretics views.
The Orthodox, Roman Catholics, and cirtually everyone else who knows who Origen is regards him as a heretic. The most ancient heretics, who are uncontroversially anathema, were anathematized precisely because their views were invalid; this is especially true in the case of Origen, who was anathematized more than 200 years after he reposed.
Anyhow, why should we not chose a scheme that appeals to us? How else would you chose a scheme?
According to the criteria of the faith once delivered to the Apostles.
If it doesn't meet our needs, wants, and desires, why bother with it? It isn't working. If you are trying to argue that such a scheme might not fit reality, that can be true. However, most would find such an unreal scheme to be totally unsatisfying.
Such an approach as you favour clashes with Galatians 1:8, 2 Thessalonians 2:15, et cetera.
I never heard of Palamas? True. That's supposed to be some sort of attack on me? Why? Inver said I know everything, did I? Also, if you believe Palamas is important for me to consider, then it's your responsibility to tell me about him.
I was of course referring to Whitehead; in his case one could legitimately argue that a man of his time and place might not be reasonably expected to know of the Palamist controversy. However, for a contemporary theologian, I would argue that a lack of familiarity with the Palamist controversy is inexcusable, particularly if one presumes to debate the Orthodox. It would be alin to my being unfamiliar with Thomas Aquinas.
The process Deity is a "lump of clay"? Oh, c'mon that is way, way off base. As I emphasized before and see fit to bring up here, the process Deity is dipolar. That means mutable in some aspects while immutable and unbendable in others. God is a synthesis of consistency and change. Hence, you cannot just bend the process Deity any way you want. Both sides of any polarity apply to God. As I said if it is a virtue to say full speed ahead and damn the torpedoes, and God is definitely of doing that, it is also a virtue to be deeply moved and affected by others. Apparently, for some reason, you have trouble with this latter point. Here, I think it important for you to consider the process response to Malachi 3:5-7. "I , the Lord, change not" implies God enjoys a fixity of will and purpose and in that fixity, will not vary. However, rather than denying change, such immutability insists upon change "Return to me that I might return to you" means that if we change in such-and-such a direction, God will likewise change.
The problem is that the bounds between the perceived mutable and immutable "aspects" are arbitrary and subjectove; they can be altered to a large extent to suit various theological schema. This is in contrast to the unambiguous bounds of the hypostatic union, or the essence/energies distinction. What is more, such "aspects" introduce an unscriptural division into parts of the divine essence; the result is an unacceptable internal dualism.
Parallel approaches to process without a biblical warrant? It appears here that you have real issues with liberal Christianity.
I have "real issues" with people modifying the apostolic faith to suit political agendas.
You focus on Pike and his liberal theology and apparently on other liberal causes such as the ordination of women, the ordination of gays and lesbians. Granted, such positions violate Scripture. However, who says we shouldn't?
The very large number of people who have left the mainline churches over this issue, for a start.
I, for one, do not hold that Scripture is inerrant. Indeed, I'm not about to do that when I see it supporting sexual oppression and oppressing women.
One does not even have to regard scripture as inerrant to reject this approach; one could admit minor contradictions, for example, the divergent genealogies in Ss. Matthew and Luke, and still reject this as transgressing sacred tradition. Also, I daresay you don't want to reject scriptural inerrancy given that someone, not myself, could come along and simply dismiss the verses used in support of Process in their entirety as the result of an erroneous, subjective interpretation of God by anicent Hebrews who lacked the philosophical erudition of later authors. Errant scripture is a blade with two edges.
There was no time before the Big Bang? We have been through this before. As I already said, the process God was never idle, but eternally creative. Hence, before this universe, God was interacting with another.
So to escape a flaw in Process, you posit the existence of another predeccessor universe, the existence of which cannot be proven? This, aside from being absurd, even accordng to the "many worlds" interpretation of quantum mechanics, also suggests that Process is dualist, in that the Process semi-demiurge is dependent on there being some universe to interact with, not unlike the ecological relation of flora and fauna.
I view time as change , moving on, something happening. Hence, there has always been time, as God is eternally creative.
What you describe is contrary to established physical science; what is more, semantically speaking, it is not time, but events in time.
Furthermore, I cannot see how without movement or change anything can be made to happen. Someone had to strike a match to set off the Big Bang.
Take it up with Stephen Hawking, or alternately, with God. Alternately, a perusal of A Brief History of Time
might well be helpful. For that matter, the Physical and Life Sciences forum on this site could provide useful answers.
Note by the way that we are not discussing subjective matters of interpretation, but the results of falsifiable experimental matter, that is to say, the product of objective truths.
Process dumps the whole Bible because the Bible speaks continually about God's omnipotence, unknowability, and foreknowledge? As I said before, I beg to disagree. The Bible affirms that God has revealed himself or herself to us.
TNIV much?
Hence, we can know something about God. If we really can't know anything about God, then what good is the Bible anyway?
Its utility is limited when one admits to it doctrinal error, for example, regarding human sexuality.
When the Bible speaks of God as all-powerful, you have to take into account this may not mean in the sense of omnipotence.
Omnipotence literally means "all powerful" or having all potentialities; Aristotle defines God as actus purus, which has the effect of making God in a sense "omni-kinetic," which seems to me just as apt a rendering of "almighty."
As I said before, in the Bible, God appears analogous to a Father trying to gain control over his unruly children who often disappoint. Unless you assume God is some sort of sadomasochist and therefore enjoys feeling pain and disappointment, and then rigs creation so it will provide him with these, the notion of a truly omnipotent God in the B Also, as we have already been through, more than one passage in Scripture clearly affirming that that God does not have an absolute foreknowledge of the future. Indeed, other passages suggest God isn't always aware of events actually happening. He isn't sure what is happening with Sodom and so comes down to see, according to the Bible. My point is that the high God of classical theism is not to be found in the Bible.
One cannot argue that a God described as "almighty," "unsearchable in His ways," "the same, yesterday, today and tomorrow," and so on is mutable, and limited according to knowledge and power.
Process ignores the classical notion of love and conflates empathy with love? Our basic experience of love always has a real degree of empathy to it. Therefore, it is hard to see how a love without empathy, as provided by Anselm and Aquinas, meets any criterion for real love.
Actually, the mere experience of loving non-human parts of creation, with which empathy is impossible, shows that love does not require empathy. Note also that an omniscient God knows how we feel, and understands it, better than we do, which renders the human construct of empathy rather superfluous. Empathy is like the binary one dimensional light/dark sight of some miniscule life forms compared with three dimensional, color-specific human vision.
Process is atheistic because God is posited to be in a symbiotic relationship with creation, like a Man of War? Process views the universe as a living organism. Hence, no part or process goes on independently of the rest. It is all interrelated. All organisms are social, relational beings, cannot exist in a vacuum. Does the fact wee need others mean we're in a symbiotic relationship with them? If it does, who says the word "symbiotic' is negative in connotation? The process concept of God is that God is also a social-relational being, in fact the greatest of all social-relational beings, Hence, God cannot exist alone.
Thus, dualism.
There is no I without a thou. Hence, God needs the universe in order to be fully God. If God could have been just as happy, whole, and complete without the universe as with one, then why did God bother to create it? What sense does it make to speak of serving God? What can you serve to a God who has everything and therefore needs nothing from us?
On this point one might find it interesting to refer to Lutheran sacramental theology. The main problem in general with your position however is that it depends ro a large extent on anthropomorphology.
The Cappadocians did not put any qualifiers on God's omnipotence? They did argue that God cannot change, cannot experience emotion, cannot enjoy any sexual feelings, as sex is an all-animal impulse.
It would be fairer to say the Cappadocian perspective is "does not," rather than "cannot;" change, emotion et cetera are foreign to the revealed divine nature.
That's why they claimed unity with the Spirit excludes all passion.
You should revise on the subject of "passion;" you are herein subscribing to a Western misconception, if not caricature, of Byzantine hamartiology. Add the Philokalia to your reading list.
When they pointed to the mystery of God, they were simply affirming the unknowability of God found in Scripture? Well, Scripture also affirms the knowability of God. God is revealed to us. Furthermore, they were in fact dealing with the muddled thinking about God and admitted it. Hence, Gregory of Nazinazus spoke of a great confusion about the Spirit, saying, "some consider it energy, others a creature, others God; still others are uncertain what to think of it, out of reverence for Scripture, which makes no clear statement."
This is a gross distortion of St. Gregory the Theologian, who is among other things noted for leading the charge against Pneumatomachianism.
Various Deists are content with God as an undefined X? Evidence please. And even if you could come up with some, that would simply show their concept of God is inadequate and really atheistic, as without any character, God is meaningless.
Deism posits there is a God, without defining in any dogmatic way the specific relationship between God and the universe, although some deists like to refer to God as a "divine watchmaker;" some are Freemasons, and Masonic theological constructs may be interesting to refer to.
Process is a philosophical system contrary to Scripture. C'mon. We have already been though this.
Process leads to the moral bankruptcy of the church? Mere right-wing inflammatory rhetoric.
If God changes, and if we say that God can change his mond, for example, on the ordination of women, homosexuality et al, then Christian morality becomes subjective, malleable and ultimately bankrupt; it is reduced to a worthless scheme for providing nominal religious certification to prevailing political sentiment.
My views are against the rules of these churches? Tell them that. They will know where I am coming from. And even if they are, that says nothing about their validity.
The UMC Book of Discipline precludes cross-denominational membership in general (there are exceptions, I believe); more specifically, being a Unitarian and a member of the UMC, PCUSA and SA requires concurrently holding to two or more incompatible statements of faith.
Furthermore, I did not say I was against the Trinity, to start with. What I said was that its traditional formulations are a big mess. And I know I have well provided ample evidence here.
Most of what you have provided has been intellectual comment as opposed to evidence per se, which I am not opposed to, by the way, but one should not call rhetoric "evidence."
Now, a purely rhetorical argument is not unappealing to me, but it does require an equality of erudition. To wit, I would urge you to view in your library, or alternately acquire, the Philokalia (trans. Metropolitan Kallistos Ware), Orthodox Dogmatic Theology by Protopresbyter Michael Pomazansky, the Panarion of St. Epiphanius of Salamis, the Orthodox Way, by Metropolitan Kallistos Ware, Orthodox Christology by Fr. Peter Farrington (for an OO perspective), and the Arena of St. Ignatius Brianchaninov. There are actually several more specific volumes on the fourth and fifth century fathers, or by them, that I would reccommend, but these works refer in turn to those.
One might also emphatically suggest you review An Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith, by St. John of Damascus, which is freely available online.
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