Romans 14:5-6 ESV
~5~ One person esteems one day as better than another, while another esteems all days alike. Each one should be fully convinced in his own mind.
~6~ The one who observes the day, observes it in honor of the Lord. The one who eats, eats in honor of the Lord, since he gives thanks to God, while the one who abstains, abstains in honor of the Lord and gives thanks to God.
Colossians 2:16-17 ESV
~16~ Therefore let no one pass judgment on you in questions of food and drink, or with regard to a festival or a new moon or a Sabbath.
~17~ These are a shadow of the things to come, but the substance belongs to Christ.
Galatians 4:9-10 MSG
~9~ But now that you know the real God--or rather since God knows you--how can you possibly subject yourselves again to those paper tigers?
~10~ For that is exactly what you do when you are intimidated into scrupulously observing all the traditions, taboos, and superstitions associated with special days and seasons and years.
As to whether keeping the Sabbath is required under the NT, I believe it isn't, from these verses we can also see that the specific day really doesn't matter much, some say that Sunday is in fact a pagan day, but all of our days (their names at least) are pagan, for instance...
Monday, named in honor of the Moon god, the Romans thought the poor moon was left out cause the sun got its own day
Thursday, named for the Norse god Thor
Friday, named for another god (I think it was Norse), Fria
Saturday, named for the Roman god Saturn (they named the planet after the god)
Under the OT Sabbath keeping was requirement, under the NT I believe it is indifferent
Let us look at the Biblical defintion for sin:
The primary scriptural definition (there are others to also be mentioned):
"...Sin is the transgression of the law." - 1 John 3:4
For where there is no law, there can be no transgression, and without transgression, there can be no sin. (paraphrase of scriptures) Because the law worketh wrath: for where no law is, [there is] no transgression. - Romans 4:15
Satan sinned (Exekiel 28:15; John 8:44). Adam and Eve sinned (Genesis; Job 31:33; Romans 5:14). Cain sinned (1 John 3:12). Multitudes (even all of mankind) sinned before and after the world-wde flood. The Law of God therefore has always existed, even before Mt. Sinai (for there it was merely codified into blue/saphpire stone).
Other scriptural definitions are:
"...for whatsoever [is] not of faith is sin." - Romans 14:23 (Compare Matthew 23:23)
"All unrighteousness is sin..." - 1 John 5:17 (Compare Psalms 119:172)
"Therefore to him that knoweth to do good, and doeth [it] not, to him it is sin." - James 4:17 (Compare Romans 7:12)
For the wages of sin [is] death; but the gift of God [is] eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord. - Romans 6:23
Whosoever committeth sin transgresseth also the law: for sin is the transgression of the law. - 1 John 3:4
There are a few others as well, but these are clear enough.
Let us look at each of these texts presented (Romans 14, Colossians 2:16-17; Galatians 4:9-10) one by one...then let us look at others.
Romans 14. Looking at the actual context of Romans 14, even in the surrounding chapters we will find no specific mention of the 7th day sabbath. Paul is not indicating in Romans 14 to not keep the 7th day, or that it was now suddenyl up to the individual to decide to keep it or not, for this would have been anathema to Paul who said many times in Romans, that a Christian is to cease from sin, is to be 'dead' to sin, 'crucified' with Christ Jesus, to no longer be in 'conversation' with the 'old man' of sin. Paul identifies those very Ten Commandments as the 'Holy, Just and Good' law, by which he knew sin, even quoting the 10th (thou shalt not covet) to specifically identify it as such:
What shall we say then?
Shall we continue in sin, that grace may abound? - Romans 6:1
What then?
shall we sin, because we are not under the law, but under grace?
God forbid. Romans 6:15
Let us look more specifically:
One man esteemeth one day above another: another esteemeth every day [alike]. Let every man be fully persuaded in his own mind. - Romans 14:5
Who was it that esteems the 7th Day Sabbath, man or God? It is God's Holy Day (Isaiah 58:13), it is part of His Law (Exodus 16:4), it is His Day ('the Lord's day'; Exodus 20:8-11; Matthew 12:8; Revelation 1:10).
So this passage in Romans 14 is speaking not about what God esteems as right, pure, just and holy to be kept by men as He hath commanded, but rather focusing upon what "man" "esteemeth" to be persuaded in his "own mind". God's mind is already made up on the matter of the 7th Day. This text is not detailing a release from that which is due unto God.
Him that is weak in the faith receive ye, [but] not to doubtful disputations. - Romans 14:1
Notice how Romans 14 begins, by discussing those "weak in the faith". Paul, who continued to keep sabbath (Acts) did not consider himself "weak". We should also consider the words "to doubtful disputations". Was the 7th Day ever doubtful, or had God Himself made it perfectly clear what His express will is for mankind in awesome, glorious majesty, surrounded by angels at Mt. Sinai? (Ecclesiastes 12:13; "man" - adam, as in all in adam) Look again unto Isaiah 58:13, for the 7th day sabbath is a delight unto the Lord, and those who honour it, hounour Him. Now conisder the 5th and 1st commandments, as well as the others in conjuction.
The 'days' that are being spoken of in Romans 14 are those of the 'fasting' days, 'feasting' days, 'mourning' days, individual personal days in which one chooses to honour God. Ther very context combines the "days' with the 'food' (also not a release from the clear commands of Deuteronomy 14:3; Leviticus and other), saying 'regardeth' and 'eateth', which reveals that these days are more than likely 'fasting days' more than anything else. Even Jesus had to address the issue with the pharisees (the disciples of John the Baptist fasted, but those of Jesus had not - yet).
For none of us liveth to himself, and no man dieth to himself. - Romans 14:7
For whether we live, we live unto the Lord; and whether we die, we die unto the Lord: whether we live therefore, or die, we are the Lord's. Romans 14:8
So, we ought to "live unto the Lord", die to self and live unto Christ, being not carnally minded, which is death, but spiritually minded which is life. The Ten Commandments are 'spiritual' (Romans 7:14), coming from God out of Heaven, spoken by His own voice, written by His own finger, and are not carnal. The Law of the Lord is perfect:
The law of the LORD [is] perfect, converting the soul: the testimony of the LORD [is] sure, making wise the simple. - Psalms 19:7
For the mirror (as James says; as Paul indicates) is the Law which reveals sin, and so points to Christ Jesus the Law-giver, and Saviour. The Law itself cannot save, and was never its purpose. It is the perfect standard of righteousness, the very Law of the Kingdom of God.
Likewise reckon ye also yourselves to be dead indeed unto sin, but alive unto God through Jesus Christ our Lord. - Romans 6:11
Consider also the greater context is about wrong and right judgment (Romans 14:3,4,10,13...)
We are to serve God and to obey Him (Acts 5:29) and to break/transgress His commandments is to then not honour Him as your Lord and God, for:
Know ye not, that to whom ye yield yourselves servants to obey, his servants ye are to whom ye obey; whether of
sin unto death, or of
obedience unto righteousness? - Romans 6:16 (Compare Psalms 119:172)
So then every one of us shall give account of himself to God. - Romans 14:12
Do not transgress the Law of God by what you allow or disallow, for no one may change the Law of God - the Cross of Calvary proves this; it is a sin to transgress the Sabbath day, the 7th day as much as it is to murder even ones ownself, or to steal time from God, to bear false witness of who the Creator - God is, etc. To transgress the 7th Day Sabbath is to break every single one of the Ten Commandments, it breaks the very law of love, the law of liberty, the Royal law. There is a power mentioned in scripture which would "think to change times and laws" (Daniel 7:25) and this power is not of God, and not Christ Jesus. To which of the Laws is both a law and a time? (The other things that power would think to change was the 'times', the very prophetic times so that this power would not be so easily identified.)
Hast thou faith?
Through
faith we understand that
the worlds were framed by the word of God, so that things which are seen were not made of things which do appear. - Hebrews 11:3
"...for whatsoever [is] not of faith is sin." - Romans 14:3
Do you beleive God created this world in the manner He said He did? Do you honour Him as the Creator God? How can anyone say they do when they do not honour Him in the specific day, the 7th day, He has clearly made Holy, Bless and even Sanctified and set aside, showing all of His Creatorship, Lordship and Godhood?
A person may honour all of the other commandments, but
knowingly to not honour this single commandment, they instead honour themselves, their opinions, their own righteousness, their own set of rules and laws and not those of the Living God. They by doing so declare that it is not the God of Heaven and Earth and Sea and all that in them is who determins which days are holy and to be kept, but they reveal instead that they believe that it is men who determine such. Satan has intimated and preached from the beginning the very same idea, that an individual may be holy and righteous apart from the laws of God, they may set their own standard and live by it, they may be their own god, their own creator.
For whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one [point], he is guilty of all. - James 2:10
Let us not Crucify the Son of God afresh by continuing to ignore/replace the very Law of God and so sin.
The wages of sin is death. To truly find Rest in the Lord, is to obey Him.
Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. - Exodus 20:8
Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work: - Exodus 20:9
But the seventh day [is] the sabbath of the LORD thy God: [in it] thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that [is] within thy gates: - Exodus 20:10
For [in] six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them [is], and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it. - Exodius 20:11