Law can mean Brit (covenant) or Torah (teaching). In Jer. 31:33 both meanings occur. "But this is the Brit which I will make ... I will put My Torah within them..."
The Brit has changed, the Torah has not. Torah has abiding relevance and authority Malachi 4:4 Remember the Law of Moses, My servant, Which I commanded him in Horeb for all Israel, With the statutes and judgments. In Matthew 5:17-18 Yeshua says, "Do not think that I came to abolish the Law or the Prophets: I did not come to abolish, but to fulfill. For truly I say to you, until heaven and earth pass away, not the smallest letter or stroke shall pass from the Law until all is accomplished."
God speaks of a new ,Hebrew chadashah, Covenant. The word renewed does not appear. This is reinforced in Hebrews 8:8-12 which translates chadashah as kainos in Greek, meaning of a different nature.
The Sinai Covenant was one of works. Deuteronomy 27:26 says, "Cursed is he who does not confirm the words of this Law by doing them." As in Galatians 3:10-12 10 For as many as are of the works of the law are under the curse; for it is written, Cursed is everyone who does not continue in all things which are written in the book of the law, to do them. 11 But that no one is justified by the law in the sight of God is evident, for the just shall live by faith. 12 Yet the law is not of faith, but the man who does them shall live by them.
To compare, the New Covenant is one of grace, Jer 31:34 No more shall every man teach his neighbor, and every man his brother, saying, Know the LORD, for they all shall know Me, from the least of them to the greatest of them, says the LORD. For I will forgive their iniquity, and their sin I will remember no more.
Because of it we have been redeemed from the curse Gal. 3:13 Christ has redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us (for it is written, Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree)
Romans 7:1-6 describes our relationship to the Covenant. 1 Or do you not know, brethren (for I speak to those who know the law), that the law has dominion over a man as long as he lives? 2 For the woman who has a husband is bound by the law to her husband as long as he lives. But if the husband dies, she is released from the law of her husband. 3 So then if, while her husband lives, she marries another man, she will be called an adulteress; but if her husband dies, she is free from that law, so that she is no adulteress, though she has married another man. 4 Therefore, my brethren, you also have become dead to the law through the body of Christ, that you may be married to anotherto Him who was raised from the dead, that we should bear fruit to God. 5 For when we were in the flesh, the sinful passions which were aroused by the law were at work in our members to bear fruit to death. 6 But now we have been delivered from the law, having died to what we were held by, so that we should serve in the newness of the Spirit and not in the oldness of the letter.
Under the Sinai Covenant, we are married to the Law; under the New Covenant, we are married to Messiah. In order for this to happen, we are freed from the Law as Covenant, we are dead to the Law and we are delivered from the Law .
So what has changed?
Moses is no longer the steward. "For the Lord is our judge, the Lord is our lawgiver, the Lord is our King
Isaiah 33:22 (For the LORD is our Judge, The LORD is our Lawgiver, The LORD is our King; He will save us);
Instead of an Aaronic high priest there is one after the order of Melchizedek -- Yeshua, the Son of God
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Psalm 110:4 The LORD has sworn, And will not relent,You are a priest forever According to the order of Melchizedek.
Heb. 7:28 says, "For the Law appoints men as high priests who are weak, but the word of the oath, which came after the Law, appoints a Son, made perfect forever."
The Torah is administered under a new Brit. It is no longer written on stone tablets but on the tablets of the heart, by the Holy Spirit.
2 Cor. 3:3 clearly you are an epistle of Christ, ministered by us, written not with ink but by the Spirit of the living God, not on tablets of stone but on tablets of flesh, that is, of the heart. Same as Jer 31:31-34 isnt it?
We still need a sacrifice, a high priest to mediate on our behalf, an altar, a sanctuary, a covenant
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Hebrews 9:11-12 1 But Christ came as High Priest of the good things to come, with the greater and more perfect tabernacle not made with hands, that is, not of this creation. 12 Not with the blood of goats and calves, but with His own blood He entered the Most Holy Place once for all, having obtained eternal redemption.
Transgression of the New Covenant is more severely punished than transgression of the Old, according to Heb. 10:28-29 28 Anyone who has rejected Moses law dies without mercy on the testimony of two or three witnesses. 29 Of how much worse punishment, do you suppose, will he be thought worthy who has trampled the Son of God underfoot, counted the blood of the covenant by which he was sanctified a common thing, and insulted the Spirit of grace?
The Sinai Covenant was temporary and was abrogated to make way for the New. Both cannot coexist.
Marc