Well, the bridge building guy used 'chou' that is (if I remember correctly) a colloquial term for very, ultra, mega, super, or one of those superlatives. Another similar term is mecha (not the mechanical anime style).
Naruto's style is '(verb stem)tte bayo!' For instance, wakattebayo is "I get it already" or nan dattebayo is "What (the heck) is that?" It is another colloquialism not linked to any specific dialect that is meant to make the speaker sound rough and brusque, not very refined, and trying to sound tougher than they really are.
Kenshin's 'de gozaru' is an antiquated, very polite way of saying 'desu' which is like 'it is' in English. Example:
Sou nan desu ka? (Is that so?) becomes Sou nan de gozaru (ka is implied).
Another antiquated style of this is to modify it to Sou nan de gozansu ka. That is more rare though.