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Do semantics of words actually affect the prime argument? Travelling peoples do not leave permanent structures.
Whilst the word nomadic is associated with finding pasture, fundamentally it means a travelling population of no fixed location, so they leave no buildings. Nomadic has also been used of travelling merchants. Some nomadic populations have done so just to escape persecution.
Its true that the word migrant also fits , but that as you say is primarily those who intend to settle in a known remote location which also fits.
Has the distinction between the two words changed the idea that there is little to be found in archeology because they were travellers who left no permanent structures.
Whilst the word nomadic is associated with finding pasture, fundamentally it means a travelling population of no fixed location, so they leave no buildings. Nomadic has also been used of travelling merchants. Some nomadic populations have done so just to escape persecution.
Its true that the word migrant also fits , but that as you say is primarily those who intend to settle in a known remote location which also fits.
Has the distinction between the two words changed the idea that there is little to be found in archeology because they were travellers who left no permanent structures.
Nomads? Nomads?!? NOMADS? Really?
The Israelites described in Exodus are not nomads, they are migrants. Those are different things.
Nomads are people with a non-localized *lifestyle*. They live without fixed abode as a long-term economic solution. Nomads may adopt this lifestyle because the landscape doesn't provide the resources sufficient to sustain the group for the full year.
Migrants are relocating from one place to (hopefully) a new place. They may have initiated their journey without knowing the destination (for example: some refugees), but they don't intend to be wanderers.
What about the Israelites?
The text is very clear they left one place (Egypt) to travel to a new place (Canaan). They *are* migrants.
Did they live a nomadic lifestyle outside their travel? Nope. They were a settled people in Egypt and eventually settled into Canaan. They *are* migrants.
Finally the text claims about 2 million total people in this group. No nomadic group traveling together are anywhere near this size. They *are* migrants.
(Anticipating counter claims)
"wandering in the desert" -- This is because they were guided to intentionally "lost" in the desert for 40 years by an angry god.
"lived in tents" -- unless there were enough motel rooms to say in each night, tents are efficient and effective temporary shelter. It's perfectly normal for large migrant groups (and similarly armies in the field) to use tents for portable shelter.
[This does give me an idea for an alternative version of the story that you won't like, but is potentially more consistent with observed reality]
In the Late Bronze Age a group of Canaanites were living and working in Egypt. (Perhaps a single extended family, like that of Joseph in Genesis.) After a few generations, they had adopted some influence from the Egyptians, but maintained a significant Canaanite character, including that the largely worshiped just the Canaanite gods. They were influenced by the monotheism in the rise and fall of the Aten cult and rapidly moved toward worship of only the chief Canaanite god El. For reasons unknown they were forced to flee Egypt, hundreds or a few thousand, and became nomads in the Sinai. Their leader (let's call him Moses) claimed visions from god and the theology and laws of their new monotheistic religion rapidly developed. They came to call themselves Israelites. After a long time as nomads (the ancient Hebrew usage of '40' is often like 'bazillions', a generic large number), they emerged from the desert into the Judean hill country where a less urban version of the collapsed Canaanite civilization existed. (Probably with some religious evolution of their own.) The hill peoples found the Israelite's religion compelling and quickly adopted it with the ex-nomads as the priests. (And they created themselves as the hereditary priesthood whose ancestors all *did* flee Egypt and wander in the desert for a long time.) A new nation called Israel coalesced around this new religion and after centuries of religious reforms and revivals the waxing and waning of monotheism eventually wiped out the remnants of Canaanite polytheism among the people of Israel and they came to see themselves no longer as Canaanites, but a separate people. The story of Moses and the exodus likely grew in some versions to become a larger tale of the whole Israelite nation migrating and the Late Bronze Age Collapse of Canaan that had created the hill country settlements became mythologized into a great conquest lead by Joshua. When the scribes created a single religious text after their Babylonian captivity, the "whole-nation" migration version of the story of Moses became the only version committed to writing.
[There are almost certainly some timing issues that make one or more parts of my sketch unlikely or out of sequence, but I have even tried to be precise with the dates.]
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