John, you do realise that studies of Neaderthal mitochondrial DNA have shown that they did not breed with homo-sapiens and are not part of our evolutionary history.  As others have pointed out they were an evolutionary dead end, they're extinct.
Look:
 
[size=-1]March 28[/size][size=+1]  DNA from the bones of a Neanderthal baby who died 29,000 years ago offers further  evidence that Neanderthals are cousins rather than ancestors of modern humans.[/size]  
Writing in Thursdays issue of the journal 
Nature, William Goodwin of the  University of Glasgow in Scotland, along with collaborators from Russia and Sweden,  report that the babys DNA is much more similar to another Neanderthal DNA sequence  reported in 1997 than to that of modern humans.  
 
[size=+1]Evolution or Replacement?[/size]  
Some anthropologists have argued that people evolved at least partly from the  Neanderthals. The opposing theory is that modern humans evolved in Africa, then  spread outward, overwhelming earlier hominids including Neanderthals. The short,  squat Neanderthals inhabited much of Europe from about 100,000 years ago until  dying out about 28,000 years ago. 
"Neanderthal DNA is distinct from modern humans," Goodwin says, "and there are  no examples of humans having Neanderthal-type DNA." 
            
	
	
	
		
		
		
		
	
	
      [size=-2]The shaded area indicates    the known range of Neanderthals. Mezmaiskaya is the location where the baby    Neanderthal whose DNA was sequenced was found. An earlier Neanderthal DNA sequence    was determined from bones found in Feldhofer Cave in Germany.[/size]    
  [size=-2](ABCNEWS.com/ Magellan Geographix)[/size]  
 The researchers isolated segments of DNA from the babys mitochondria  small,  energy-producing bodies within a cell that contain their own genetic code separate  the main DNA strand in the nucleus of the cell. Mitochondrial DNA is easier to  study, because each cell contains about 1,000 mitochondria, meaning there are  about 1,000 times more DNA strands to extract. Unlike cell DNA, mitochondrial  DNA is inherited only from the mother.  
 
[size=+1]Not Human Enough[/size]  
The babys mitochondrial DNA differed from that of the other Neanderthal in 3.5  percent of the locations tested, while the divergence from humans was 7 percent.  Scientists consider that to be a substantial gap. "It all points away from the  Neanderthal," Goodwin says. 
Based on the number of differences, and the expected rate of change, Neanderthals  and humans last shared a common ancestor about 500,000 years ago, the researchers  say. 
The Neanderthal DNA was also no more similar to the DNA of Europeans than people  elsewhere, which might have been expected if Neanderthals had mated in large numbers  with their human neighbors in Europe. 
The baby, found in Russias Caucasus Mountains, has been estimated in age at somewhere  between an unborn 7-month-old fetus and a newborn of a couple of months. Molecular  biologist Matthias Hoss, an expert in ancient remains now working at the Swiss  Institute for Cancer Research, said the research appears to support the theory  that Neanderthals were an evolutionary dead end. 
 "This adds quite a lot of confidence that the Neanderthal didnt contribute to  modern populations," he said.