εἰς or
ἐς , PREP. WITH ACC. ONLY:—both forms are found in
Hom., Ion. poets, and early metrical Inscrr.; ἐς is best attested in
Hdt. and
Hp., and is found in nearly all early Ion. Inscrr. (exc.
IG12(8).262.16 (Thasos, v B. C.), ib.
7.235.1 (Oropus, iv B. C.)); εἰς in Att. Inscrr. from iv B. C.,
IG2.115, etc.; and usu. in Att. Prose (exc.
Th.) and Com. (exc. in parody): Trag. apptly. prefer εἰς, but ἐς is used before vowels metri gr.; ἐς was retained in the phrases ἐς κόρακας (whence the Verb σκορακίζω）, ἐς μακαρίαν. Aeol. poets have εἰς before vowels, ἐς before consonants, and this is given as the rule in
Hom. by
An.Ox. 1.172, cf.
Hellad. ap.
Phot.Bibl.p.533B. (Orig. ἐνς, as in
IG4.554.7 (Argos),
GDI4986.11 (Crete); cf. ἐν, ἰν. The diphthong is genuine in Aeol. εἰς, but spurious in Att.-Ion.) Radical sense
A. into, and then more loosely,
to:
I. OF PLACE,
the oldest and commonest usage, εἰς ἅλα
into or
to the sea,
Il.1.141, al.; “εἰς ἅλαδε”
Od.10.351; “ἔς ῥ᾽ ἀσαμίνθους”
4.48; ἐς οἶνον βάλε φάρμακον ib.
220; freq. of places,
to, “εἰς Εὔβοιαν”
3.174; ἐς Αἴγυπτον, etc.,
Hdt.1.5, etc.; ἐς Μίλητον
into the territory of Miletus, ib.
14; “εἰς Ἑλλήσποντον εἰσέπλει”
X.HG1.1.2; “ἀφίκετο εἰς Μήδους πρὸς Κυαξάρην”
Id.Cyr.2.1.2; εἰς ἅρματα βαίνειν to step
into . . ,
Il.8.115; “εἰς ἐλάτην ἀναβῆναι”
14.287; opp. ἐκ, in such phrases as ἐς σφυρὸν ἐκ πτέρνης, ἐς πόδας ἐκ κεφαλῆς, from heel
to ankle-joint, from head
to foot,
22.397,
23.169; “ἐκ πάτου ἐς σκοπιήν”
20.137; “ἐς μυχὸν ἐξ οὐδοῦ”
Od.7.87; κἠς ἔτος ἐξ ἔτεος from year
to year,
Theoc. 18.15: with Verbs implying motion or direction, as of looking, “ἰδεῖν εἰς οὐρανόν”
Il.3.364; εἰς ὦπα ἰδέσθαι to look
in the face,
9.373, etc.; εἰς ὦπα ἔοικεν he is like
in face (sc. ἰδόντι
,
3.158, etc.; ἐς ὀφθαλμούς τινος ἐλθεῖν to come
before another's eyes,
24.204; “ἐς ὄψιν ἀπικνέεσθαί τινος”
Hdt.1.136; “καλέσαι τινὰ ἐς ὄψιν”
Id.5.106, etc.; ἐς ταὐτὸν ἥκειν come
to the same point,
E.Hipp.273: less freq. after a Subst., “ὁδὸς ἐς λαύρην”
Od.22.128; τὸ ἐς Παλλήνην τεῖχος
facing Pallene,
Th.1.56; “ξύνοδος ἐς τὴν Δῆλον”
Id.3.104, cf.
Pl.Tht.173d.
b. Ep. and Ion., also c. acc. pers. (Att. ὡς, πρός, παρά
,
Il.7.312,
15.402,
Od.14.127,
Hdt.4.147; also in Att. with collective Nouns, “ἐς τὸν δῆμον παρελθόντες”
Th. 5.45, or plurals, “εἰς ὑμᾶς εἰσῆλθον”
D.18.103; esp. of consulting an oracle, “ἐς θεὸν ἐλθεῖν”
Pi.O.7.31; “εἰς Ἄμμων᾽ ἐλθόντες”
Ar.Av.619.
2. with Verbs expressing
restin a place, when a previous motion
into or
to it is implied, ἐς μέγαρον κατέθηκεν ἐπὶ θρόνου he put it
in the house (i.e. he brought it
into the house, and put it
there),
Od.20.96; ἐς θρόνους ἕζοντο they sat them down
upon the seats,
4.51, cf.
1.130; ἐφάνη λὶς εἰς ὁδόν the lion appeared
in the path,
Il.15.276; “ἀπόστολος ἐς τὴν Μίλητον ἦν”
Hdt.1.21 (s. v.l.); “αὐτὸς ἐς Αακεδαίμονα ἀπόστολος ἐγίνετο”
Id.5.38; “ἐς κώμην παραγίνονται”
Id.1.185; “παρῆν ἐς Σάρδις”
Id.6.1; “ἐς δόμους μένειν”
S.Aj.80 (cod. Laur.); “ἐς τὴν νῆσον κατέκλῃσε”
Th.1.109, cf.
Hdt.3.13; ἀπόβασιν ποιήσασθαι ἐς . .
Th.2.33, etc.; later used like ἐν, τὴν γῆν εἰς ἣν ὑμεῖς κατοικεῖτε
LXX Nu.35.34; “τὸ χρυσίον ὃ εἰλήφεσαν εἰς Ῥώμην”
D.S.14.117; “οἰκεῖν εἰς τὰ Ὕπατα”
Luc.Asin.1; “εἰς Ἐκβάτανα ἀποθανεῖν”
Ael.VH7.8; “εἰς ἅπασαν τὴν γῆν”
Suid. s.v. Καλλίμαχος: generally, “τοὔνομα εἰς τὴν Ἑλλάδα, φασίν, Ἱππομιγὴς δύναται”
Ael.VH9.16.
3. with Verbs of saying or speaking, εἰς relates to the persons
to or
before whom one speaks, εἰπεῖν ἐς πάντας, ἐς πάντας αὔδα,
Hdt.8.26,
S.OT93; “λέγειν εἰς τὸ μέσον τῶν ταξιάρχων”
X.Cyr. 3.3.7; “αἱ ἐς τὸ φανερὸν λεγόμεναι αἰτίαι”
Th.1.23: with other Verbs, “εἰς τοὺς Ἕλληνας σαυτὸν σοφιστὴν παρέχων”
Pl.Prt.312a; “καλὸν ἐς τοὺς Ἕλληνας τὸ ἀγώνισμα φανεῖσθαι”
Th.7.56; ἐπαχθὴς <*>ν ἐς τοὺς τολλούς
Id.6.54; “στρατιὰν ἐπαγγέλλων ἐς τοὺς ξυμμάχους”
Id.7.17; “διαβεβλῆσθαι εἴς τινα”
Pl.R.539c.
4. elliptical usages,
a. after Verbs which have no sense of motion to or into a place, τὴν πόλιν ἐξέλιπον εἰς χωρίον ὀχυρόν they quitted the city
for a strong position, i.e. to seek a strong position,
X.An.1.2.24; γράμματα ἑάλωσαν εἰς Ἀθήνας letters were captured [and sent]
to Athens,
Id.HG1.1.23, cf.
Pl.R. 468a; “ἀνίστασθαι ἐς Ἄργος”
E.Heracl.59, cf.
Pl.Phd.116a.
b. participles signifying motion are freq. omitted with εἰς, τοῖς στρατηγοῖς τοῖς εἰς Σικελίαν (sc. ἀποδειχθεῖσιν
And.1.11, etc.
c. c. gen., mostly of proper names, as εἰς Ἀΐδαο, Att. εἰς Ἅιδου [δόμους],
Il.21.48; ἐς Ἀθηναίης [ἱερόν]
to the temple of Athena,
6.379; ἐς Πριάμοιο [οἶκον]
24.160, cf.
309; εἰς Αἰγύπτοιο [ῥόον]
Od.4.581; “ἐς τοῦ Κλεομένεος”
Hdt.5.51; “εἰς Ἀσκληπιοῦ”
Ar.Pl.411; “ἐπὶ δεῖπνον [ἰέναι] εἰς Ἀγάθωνος”
Pl.Smp. 174a: with Appellatives, ἀνδρὸς ἐς ἀφνειοῦ
to a rich man's house,
Il.24.482; “ἐς πατρός”
Od.2.195; πέμπειν εἰς διδασκάλων send
to school,
X.Lac.2.1; “εἰς δ. φοιτᾶν”
Pl.Prt.326c; ἐς σεωυτοῦ, ἑωυτοῦ,
Hdt.1.108,
9.108, etc.
II. OF TIME,
1. to denote a certain point or limit of time,
up to, until, “ἐς ἠῶ”
Od.11.375; ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα
till sunset,
9.161 (but also,
towards or
near sunset,
3.138); “ἐκ νεότητος ἐς γῆρας”
Il.14.86; “ἐκ παιδὸς ἐς γῆρας”
Aeschin.1.180; ἐς ἐμέ
up to my time,
Hdt.1.92, al.: with Advbs., εἰς ὅτε (cf. ἔς τε
against the time when . . ,
Od.2.99; εἰς πότε;
until when ? how long ?
S.Aj.1185 (lyr., cf. “εἰσόκἐ; εἰς ὁπότε”
Aeschin.3.99; ἐς τί; = εἰς πότε;
Il.5.465; ἐς ὅ
until,
Hdt.1.93, etc.; “ἐς οὗ”
Id.1.67,
3.31, etc.; “ἐς τόδε”
Id.7.29, etc.
2. to determine a period, εἰς ἐνιαυτόν
for a year, i.e. a whole year,
Il.19.32,
Od.4.526;
within the year, ib.
86 (cf. “ἐς ἐνίαυτον”
Alc.Supp.8.12); “εἰς ὥρας”
Od.9.135; ἐς θέρος ἢ ἐς ὀπώρην
for the summer, i.e.
throughout it,
14.384; ἡ εἰς ἐνιαυτὸν κειμένη δαπάνη εἰς τὸν μῆνα δαπανᾶται the expenditure
for a year is expended
in the month,
X.Oec.7.36; “μισθοδοτεῖν τινὰς εἰς ἓξ μῆνας”
D.S.19.15; “χοίνικα κριθῶν εἰς τέσσαρας ἡμέρας διεμέτρει”
Posidon. 36J.; εἰς ἑσπέραν ἥκειν to come
at even,
Ar.Pl.998; εἰς τρίτην ἡμέραν or εἰς τρίτην alone,
on the third day,
in two days,
Pl.Hp.Ma.286b,
X.Cyr.5.3.27; “ἥκειν ἐς τὴν ὑστεραίαν”
Id.An.2.3.25; “ἥκειν εἰς τὸ ἔαρ”
Hell.Oxy.17.4; ἐς τέλος
at last,
Hdt.3.40; ἐς καιρόν
in season,
Id.4.139; οὐκ ἐς ἀναβολάς, ἀμβολάς,
with no delay,
Id.8.21,
E.Heracl.270, etc.; ἐς τότε
at this time, v.l. in
Od.7.317 (but εἰς τότε
at that time (in the fut.),
D.14.24,
Pl.Lg.830b); ἐς ὕστερον or τὸ ὕστερον,
Od.12.126,
Th.2.20: with Advbs., “ἐς αὔριον”
Il.8.538,
Pl. Lg.858b; “ἔς περ ὀπίσσω”
Od.20.199; “ἐς αὖθις”
Th.4.63 (v. εἰσαῦθις（; ἐς αὐτίκα μάλ'
Ar.Pax 367; εἰς ἔπειτα (v. εἰσέπειτα（; ἐς τὸ ἔ.,
Th.2.64; “ἐς ὀψέ”
Id.8.23; εἰς ἅπαξ, v. εἰσάπαξ; εἰς ἔτι, v. εἰσέτι.
III. to express MEASURE OR LIMIT,
without reference to Time, ἐς δίσκουρα λέλειπτο was left behind
as far as a quoit's throw,
Il.23.523; ἐς δραχμὴν διέδωκε paid them
as much as a drachma,
Th.8.29; “ἱματισμὸν ζητῆσαι εἰς δύο τάλαντα”
Thphr.Char.23.8; so ἐς τὰ μάλιστα
to the greatest degree,
Hdt.1.20, etc.; “ἐς τοσοῦτο τύχης ἀπίκευ”
Id.1.124; “εἰς τοσοῦτο ἥκειν”
Lys.27.10; “εἰς τοῦτο θράσους καὶ ἀναιδείας ἀφίκετο”
D.21.194; ἐς ὅ ἐμέμνηντο
so far as they remembered,
Th.5.66; “ἐς τὸ ἔσχατον”
Hdt.7.229, etc.; “εἰς ἅλις”
Theoc.25.17.
2. freq. with Numerals, “ἐς τριακάδας δέκα ναῶν”
A.Pers.339; ναῦς ἐς τὰς τετρακοσίας, διακοσίας,
to the number of 400, etc.,
Th.1.74,
100, etc.; εἰς ἕνα, εἰς δύο, εἰς τέσσαρας, one, two, four
deep,
X.Cyr.2.3.21; but εἰς τέσσαρας four
abreast,
Aen.Tact.40.6: with Advbs., ἐς τρίς or ἐστρίς
thrice,
Pi.O.2.68,
Hdt.1.86; of round numbers,
about,
X.An.1.1.10.
3. distributive, εἰς φυλάς
by tribes,
LXX 1 Ki.10.21, cf.
2 Ki.18.4.
IV. to express RELATION,
towards, in regard to, “ἐξαμαρτεῖν εἰς θεούς”
A.Pr.945, etc.; ἁμάρτημα εἴς τινα, αἰτίαι ἐς ἀλλήλους,
Isoc.8.96,
Th.1.66; “ὄνειδος ὀνειδίζειν εἴς τινα”
S.Ph.522; “ἔχθρη ἔστινα”
Hdt.6.65; “φιλία ἐς ἀμφοτέρους”
Th.2.9; λέγειν ἐς . .
Hdt.1.86; “γνώμη ἀποδεχθεῖσα ἐς τὴν γέφυραν”
Id.4.98; “ἡ ἐς γῆν καὶ θάλασσαν ἀρχή”
Th.8.46.
b. of the subject of a work, esp. in titles, e.g. “τὰ ἐς Ἀπολλώνιον”
Philostr. VA; of the object of a dedication, as in titles of hymns, ἐπινίκια, etc.
2. in regard to, “πρῶτος εἰς εὐψυχίαν”
A.Pers.326; “σκώπτειν ἐς τὰ ῥάκια”
Ar.Pax740, cf.
Eq.90; “διαβάλλειν τινὰ ἔς τι”
Th.8.88; “αἰτία ἐπιφερομένη ἐς μαλακίαν”
Id.5.75; “μέμφεσθαι εἰς φιλίαν”
X.An.2.6.30; “εἰς τὰ πολεμικὰ καταφρονεῖσθαι”
Id.HG7.4.30; “πόλεως εὐδοκιμωτάτης εἰς σοφίαν”
Pl.Ap.29d;
in respect of, “εὐτυχεῖν ἐς τέκνα”
E.Or.542, cf.
Pl.Ap.35b, etc.; “εἰς χρήματα ζημιοῦσθαι”
Id.Lg.774b, cf.
D.22.55; ἐς τὰ ἄλλα Th.I.I; “εἰς ἄπαντα”
S.Tr.489; “ἐς τὰ πάνθ᾽ ὁμῶς”
A.Pr.736; “εἰς μὲν ταῦτα”
Pl.Ly.210a; τό γ᾽ εἰς ἑαυτόν, τὸ εἰς ἐμέ,
S.OT706,
E. IT691, cf.
S.Ichn.346; “ἐς ὀλίγους μᾶλλον τὰς ἀρχὰς ποιεῖν”
Th.8.53; “ἐς πλείονας οἰκεῖν”
Id.2.37; for τελεῖν ἐς Ἕλληνας, Βοιωτούς, ἄνδρας, etc., v. τελέω.
3. of Manner, “ἐς τὸν νῦν τρόπον”
Id.1.6; “τίθεμεν τἆλλα εἰς τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον;”
Pl.R.353d; “ἐς ἓν μέλος”
Theoc.18.7: freq. periphr. for Advbs., ἐς κοινὸν φράζειν, λέγειν,
A.Pr.844,
Eu.408; ἐς τὸ πᾶν, = πάντως,
Id.Ag.682(lyr.); ἐς τάχος, = ταχέως,
Ar.Ach.686; ἐς εὐτέλειαν, = εὐτελῶς,
Id.Av.805; “ἐς τἀρχαῖον”
Id.Nu.593; “εἰς καλόν”
S. OT78, cf.
Pl.Phd.76e; “ἐς δέον γεγονέναι”
Hdt.1.119, cf.
S.OT1416, and v. δέον.
V. of an end or limit, ἔρχεσθαι, τελευτᾶν, λήγειν ἐς.., to end in..,
Hdt.1.120,
3.125,
4.39, etc.; “ἐς ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτεα ου,῀ρον ἀνθρώπῳ προτίθημι”
Id.1.32; καταξαίνειν ἐς φοινικίδα to cut
into red rags,
Ar.Ach.320 (troch.); “στρέφειν τι εἰς αἷμα”
Apoc.11.6; εἰς ἄνδρας ἐκ μειρακίων τελευτᾶν, εἰς ἄνδρα γενειᾶν,
Pl.Tht.173b,
Theoc.14.28; “ἐκτρέφειν τὸ σπέρμα εἰς καρπόν”
X.Oec.17.10: so with εἶναι or γίγνομαι to form a predicate, “ἔσται εἰς ἔθνη”
LXXGe.17.16; ἐγενήθη εἰς γυναῖκα ib.
20.12; πιστὸς (sc.ἦν
εἰς προφήτην ib.I
Ki.3.20; “ἐγένετο εἰς δένδρον”
Ev.Luc.13.19,al.
2. of Purpose or Object, εἰπεῖν εἰς ἀγαθόν, πείσεται εἰς ἀγαθόν,
for good,
for his good,
Il.9.102,
11.789; “εἰς ἀγαθὰ μυθεῖσθαι”
23.305; “ἐς πόλεμον θωρήξομαι”
8.376, cf.
Hdt.7.29, etc.; ἐς φόβον
to cause fear,
Il.15.310; “ἐς ὑποδήματα δεδόσθαι”
Hdt.2.98; “κόσμος ὁ εἰς ἑορτάς”
X.Oec.9.6; “ἐπιτηδεότατος, εὐπρεπής, ἔς τι”
Hdt.1.115,
2.116; εἰς κάλλος ζῆν to live
for show,
X.Cyr.8.1.33, cf.
Ages. 9.1; “ἐς δαίτην ἐκάλεσσε”
Call.Aet.1.1.5; “εἰς κέρδος τι δρᾶν”
S.Ph.III; “πάσας φωνὰς ἱέντων εἰς ἀπόφυξιν”
Ar.V.562; “εἰς γράμματα παιδὶ δεκετεῖ ἐνιαυτοὶ τρεῖς”
Pl.Lg.809e; εἰς τὸ πρᾶγμα εἶναι to be
pertinent, to the purpose, D.36.54; freq. of expenditure
on an object,
IG22.102.11,
116.41, al.; “ἐς τὸ δέον”
Ar.Nu.859, etc.; ἐς δᾷδα ib.
612.
B. POSITION: εἰς is sts. parted from its acc. by several words, “εἰς ἀμφοτέρω Διομήδεος ἅρματα βήτην”
Il.8.115; “εἰς δὲ μονάρχου δῆμος ἀϊδρίῃ δουλοσύνην ἔπεσεν”
Sol.9: seldom (only in Poets) put after its case,
Il.15.59,
Od.3.137,
15.541,
S.OC126(lyr.): after an Adv., “αὔριον ἔς: τῆμος δὲ..”
Od.7.318.
