If you have the patience to read it, I'll just post an excerpt of my chronology book. This section is still in rough draft form and probably needs some editing, but the arguments are fully formed.
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The other Reconstructionist arguments really lose their punch beyond this point, lacking any real evidence. The double Sabbath, for example, is really just a matter of semantics. It doesn’t even say that spices were purchased before and after the Sabbath. Mark says that after the passing of the Sabbath, they bought spices, whereas Luke says the women prepared spices and ointments and then rested the Sabbath day.
[1] We know for a fact that Mary Magdalene was already in possession of spikenard, which she used to anoint Christ at the house of Simon.[2] She saved it for his burial.
[3] While Matthew and Mark suggest that she used all the contents, John tells us there was a pound of the stuff.
[4] Did she use the whole pound? Did they get some of the spices from Nicodemus, who brought a hundred-pound mixture of myrrh and aloes?[5] Further, did she, or one of the other women, have other spices on hand?
Understand that four things happened. Spices were prepared. They rested on the Sabbath according to the commandment. Spices were bought. And they came to the sepulcher early on the first day of the week, bringing with them the spices they had prepared.
[6] It was absolutely possible to prepare some spices that were on hand, rest on the Sabbath, and then purchase additional spices that may have been needed but were not in their possession, or that required so much preparation time that it was more convenient and efficient to purchase them. There is no contradiction in this chain of events.
However, assuming a double Sabbath event and a dual purchasing of spices, which the text doesn’t actually say, we know that Mark tells us that Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, and Salome bought spices after the Sabbath. Meanwhile, Luke tells us that the same Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother James, Joanna, and others, are the ones who prepared the spices prior to the Sabbath. Assuming for the sake of argument that we are talking about the purchasing of spices in both instances, and not merely the preparation of some spices prior to the Sabbath, why would Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of James be purchasing spices, resting on the Sabbath, and then buying more spices after the Sabbath? Was there a sale at Spice World?
Furthermore, there were, at the very least, five women involved in this scenario. Between Mark and Luke, we know that Mary Magdalene, Joanna the wife of Chuza, who was Herod’s steward, Mary the mother of James the less and Joses, Salome, the mother of Zebedee’s children, and at least one other woman according to the plural, “other women,” in Luke, were all present at the sepulcher.
[7] And it’s highly probable that the same women who had been ministering to Jesus all along, who “came with [Jesus] from Galilee, [and] followed after, and beheld the sepulchre,” were also participating, being the “many other women” according to Mark.
[8] In which case, any alleged discrepancy that might be derived from the suggested variance between these two passages is inconclusive at best. Who’s to say which women bought what, when they bought it, who did the preparing, etc.? Did the women all stay at the same house on the Sabbath, or were they separated? Perhaps Mary Magdalene and Mary, the mother of James and Joses, prepared some spices they already had in their possession, while Salome and Joanna bought different, or additional spices either at the close of the Sabbath, or early on the first day of the week.
[9] We simply don’t know. We’re talking about two separate events written by two separate authors, taking their individual information from sources we can’t state, who are then relating to us the mundane happenings of at least five or more women over the course of three days, with no details to clarify the particulars.
The bottom line is, spices were prepared. The women rested on the Sabbath according to the commandment. When the Sabbath was past, they either bought additional spices, or simply brought what they had already purchased, and came to the sepulcher with what they had prepared to anoint the body. They found the tomb empty.
One would also have to wonder, if Jesus were crucified on Wednesday, and the women bought and prepared the spices on Friday, why didn’t they just anoint and prepare his body on Friday before the Sabbath? Why wait until Sunday when the body was four days old and “stinketh” as Lazarus’ body had, when they could have dealt with it when it was only a day and a half old?
[10] Worse still, the narrative in Luke gives the impression that the women prepared their spices on the day of the crucifixion itself, and then rested on the Sabbath. By that understanding, the women were resting on Thursday, which makes the question even more interesting. Why wait for Sunday when the spices were ready as early as Wednesday evening and could have been applied Friday?
Was it because the women feared the guards watching the tomb? Doubtful. Matthew tells us that the keepers were still there, and that they became as dead men in fear of the angel.
[11] Assuming the women even knew the soldiers were there, they obviously had no fear of them, or if they did, it didn’t stop them from going to the tomb on the first day of the week. So, why would the soldiers’ presence stop them from going on the sixth day of the week? Furthermore, relative to their conversation about who they would get to roll the stone away for them, as though they could simply walk up and break an imperial seal, the chances are, they were ignorant of the fact that the tomb had been sealed, or that there were soldiers guarding the tomb.
[12] They were resting on the Sabbath while the chief priests solicited Pilate to place the guard.
[13]
The women’s delay clearly had nothing to do with the soldiers, but with the Sabbath. In actual point of fact, every passage that discusses the women coming to anoint the body illustrates the same general sense of urgency. By the Reconstructionist argument, we’re expected to believe that they were so lackadaisical that they left the body untouched throughout the entirety of Friday, whereas the reality is that they were so earnest about fulfilling the burial duties for the deceased that as soon as the Sabbath was over, they came to the tomb as early on the first day of the week as they could; before the sun even came up, according to John, who claims that it was still dark out.
[14]
As I said, the whole argument basically hangs on semantics and attempts to make something work that not only
doesn’t work, but that creates conflicts with other facts when you try. If there were a duality of scriptures that said, “all the women tending to the body of Jesus bought the necessary spices and then rested on the Sabbath,” with an opposing scripture that said, “all the women tending to the body of Jesus rested on the Sabbath and then bought the necessary spices,” then we might have a problem. But that’s not the case. The passages, taken at face value, do not conflict with each other. To reiterate, spices were prepared, though we do not know which spices, whether it was all the spices that were needed, or which specific women prepared them. The women rested on the Sabbath, which is implied by the “preparation of the Sabbath” language in the gospels to be the weekly Sabbath. Spices were purchased, though we do not know what spices, or which women purchased them. Then the women who were to tend to the body of Jesus went to the sepulcher to do their duty. In light of the fact that a Nisan 15th crucifixion prohibits the possibility of a dual Sabbath event, this is clearly the understanding we should be embracing.
[1]. Mark 16:1; Luke 23:56. The word in Mark is ἠγόρασαν, which is 3 pers. pl. aor. act. indic., meaning “they bought,” as opposed to the Authorized King James translation that renders it, “had bought,” which is a past perfect tense rather than aorist. Other versions, like the NIV, NASB and NRSV correctly render it “bought.”
[2]. Matt. 26:6-7; Mark 14:3; Jn. 12:3.
[3]. Matt. 26:12; Mark 14:8; Jn. 12:7.
[4]. Jn. 12:3.
[5]. John 19:38-40.
[6]. Luke 23:56, 24:1; Mark 16:1-2.
[7]. Matt. 27:56; Mark 15:40-41, 16:1; Luke 8:3, 24:10.
[8]. Mark 15:41.
[9]. John 19:38-40.
[10]. Jn. 11:39.
[11]. Matt. 28:1-6.
[12]. Mark 16:3; Matt. 27:65-66.
[13]. Matt. 27:62-66; Luke 23:56.
[14]. Matt. 28:1; Mark 16:2; Luke 24:1; John 20:1.