So how does one know when they are acting out of humility and charity in tolerating differences (even those that some might consider detrimental to faith) and when they are trying to prevent a person from following false prophets/teachers, and andtichrists? What is the Protestant understanding of authority?
I know hundreds of Catholics. I've never met two that agreed about everything all the time. I've never met a Catholic who could speak for all the thoughts of all one billion Catholics, only one who is thought to speak for what all one billion Catholics should think about some things. I don't see those as identical.
Individual Catholics are that, individuals. Whether they speak for the Church teaching (and correctly) is a different story. We don't say they started a new denomination because they have different opinions. Though some might leave the Church if they do not assent to Church teaching, which is universal throughout the Catholic Church. In short, individual Catholics have individual opinions, but the Church herself teaches the what is universal regarding faith and morals for the Church.
Joseph Smith says this and claims it's apostolic, authoritative, and self-normative.
Joseph Smith is not in succession of the Apostles. His church came into existance some 1800 years apart from the Apostolic teaching. The claim of Catholic authority through the Apostles cannot be fairly compared with the authority claimed by Joseph Smith. You are making a fallacious claim. Are you accountable for your fallacious claims?
You can claim stuff too. Mary Baker Eddy claimed stuff. I have a friend whose mom speaks all kinds of interesting stuff from God in tongues.
Yet the claims are not authoritative.
Jesus, Peter and Paul directed us to Holy Scriptures, God's written Word well over 50 times, but never once to the Catholic Church or the Pope or to any institution as the normative authority.
Jesus selected Peter as leader of the Apostles, and he became known as the first Pope. Jesus also said to take disputes to the Church. St. Paul noted for those to immitate him and consider him a father through the Gospelamd state in one epistle:
"When any of you has a grievance against another, do you dare to take it to court before the unrighteous,
instead of taking it before the saints? Do you not know that
the saints will judge the world? And if the world is to be judged by you, are you incompetent to try trivial cases? Do you not know that
we are to judge angelsto say nothing of ordinary matters?
If you have ordinary cases, then, do you appoint as judges those who have no standing in the church?I say this to your shame." (I Cor. 6:1-5a)
Apparently, St. Paul believed that there was to be an authority present in the Church to be able to judge disputes among Christians.
In speaking of the Church in Rome, St Peter did say. "Your sister church in Babylon, chosen together with you, sends you greeting" (I Peter 5:13). but also:
"Now as an elder myself and a witness of the sufferings of Christ,
as well as one who shares in the glory to be revealed, I exhort the elders among you to tend the flock of God that is in your charge,
exercising the oversight, not under compulsion but willingly, as God would have you do itnot for sordid gain but eagerly. Do not lord it over those in your charge, but
be examples to the flock. And when the chief shepherd appears, you will win the crown of glory that never fades away.
In the same way, you who are younger must
accept the authority of the elders. And all of you must clothe yourselves with humility in your dealings with one another, for "God opposes the proud, but gives grace to the humble." Humble yourselves therefore under the mighty hand of God, so that he may exalt you in due time. Cast all your anxiety on him, because he cares for you." (I Peter 5:1-7)
You see, I have noticed you trying to say the same things, but not quite. For St. Peter say that the elders (that is, priests) do have authority, and that authority is to be accepted - not this odd sort of potential, but not really accepted or approved of vision of authority. Ther is authority within the Church and Scripture seems to make that quite clear. Why are Protestants so wishy-washy on this subject, I still don't know. Scripture even points to it. If it is in Scripture, is it not true?
We are to teach the Word, Protestants believe, not create it.
What is that supposed to mean? We are the custodians of the Word, not its creators. Though Several saints were inspired to write what has become the Scriptures, and other saints later helped to put together the full canon of Scripture, as well as translate it into common languages - even prior to Protestants doing so. But still, how is the Word taught when people teach multiple meanings - especially when the meanings are contradictory, and potentially even false from the original intent of Scripture itself?
Pax Tecum,
John