The following is neither Calvinist, nor Arminian...
What Paul is relating in 2 Corinthians is in the same sense of what Peter is relating in 2 Peter 1, as to the origin of the Truths they spoke - not that the natural man cannot not understand said Truths, rather, that said Truths did not originate in man, rather, that they originated in the mind of God.
Paul then relates that the Spirit made known to his spirit, or mind, those Truths that he [Paul] was speaking to the Corinthians.
That he had been given the mind of Christ; the Lord's perspective on things.
In this, Paul is to the Body what Moses is to Israel and the Twelve.
The foundation of both of which is Christ.
Anyway, Paul had already spoken against the means of wisdom by which "the Greeks seek after wisdom," given that that was well known in their day.
In this, Paul's Christ inspired words have had a built in guard against the charge of Gnosticism some now accuse him of as to the Mystery he preached.
Paul also touches on a contrast between the Greek's Mysticism - where one takes one's own "voice" and "sense of" this, that, the other, to be a source of "wisdom" revealing itself to one - he contrasts between that, and how he had come into his knowledge of the Mystery.
Paul is nothing if not consistent in his many distinctions between things that differ from one another given, and in light of this Mystery Truth he'd been set for the preaching and the defense of.
Ironically, the supposed Early Church Fathers and later, the Reformed Tradition, is based on - on Aristotle's manner of reasoning; on his Mysticism; via Origin and Philo et al.
Paul also relates to the Corinthians that he had had to keep things simple with them where sharing this Mystery with them was concerned, due to their natural man focus on things.
That he had only been able to share with them Christ crucified and no more.
That the Mystery he'd wanted to share with them was for those more mature in their understanding.
Anyway, what Paul is asserting is the same principle in Romans 10's how shall they believe without hearing, how shall they they hear without the preaching, show shall the preaching take place without the preacher being sent, and so on. Likewise in 2 Timothy's the things that thou hast heard of me, the same commit to faithful men, who shall be able to teaches others also.
Its not that man is unable to understand the Scripture, rather, that he right off rejects it is foolishness unto him because it is spiritually discerned.
That is a lower case "s" this "spiritually discerned" because it is a reference to the need to get in Scripture so the Spirit can communicate His Truth to your spirit through His Word. The Lord said "the Words I speak, they are spirit, and they are life."
The Word of God has built into It "Life." A man sitting in a hotel by himself with a Gideon Bible opens It, reads It, believes it, and right then and there The Spirit of the Lord through His Word believed in quickens His spirit, as Paul reminds the Thessalonians in 1 Thess. 2.
But the man is lost until then. Its why the Gideons have done such an important work, in this respect.
Anyway, its working is rather simple to understand - its just as my spirit on these things, my mind on them, that the Spirit has communicated unto my spirit through His Word [the Bible] - its the same as my mind on these things is now being communicated to you the reader right now, through my words - from my spirit to your spirit via words.
Hopefully my mind on all this has been renewed by the Spirit through Word, through time with Him in His Word, searching these things out with Him in and through His Word, such that my words are communicating His thoughts on this as communicated to me by His Word.
In this, there is a point where circular reasoning is not a bad thing. It is only is when its basis is off. For when it is sound it is of Him, through Him, and to Him through His Word.
Sort of like how a word like procrastination is not a bad thing if one is on a lose weight diet and "procrastinates" another piece of pie.
All is Dispensational - all is "in its due season" - Eccls. 3:1, Lke 12:42.
