Why do you think germs and atoms are not observations?
I did not say that they were not observations. I said they were no more observations than are germs and atoms. Are you now going to tell me that nested hierarchies and biodiversity are not observations - because I thought you said they were observations.
AoS said:
Are you afraid to honestly answer my questions or are you unable to?
No.
Your response there was irrelevant. We are talking about evolution, not the origin of an evolving system.
As I asked Dad - didn't you read the article either?
AoS said:
Don't you understand what the term means? It means that we were talking about one thing, and you switch it to another. Thus, you made a comment about theory and the requirement of a theory. I told you that evolution meets those requirements.
So you then asked me about naming a new animal that evolved within historical memory. That has nothing to do with theory and the requirements of a theory because as you know, theories often rely on observations to learn about processes and structures that cannot be observed e.g. atoms, their components and the processes that keep them together. (And I might add, atoms were a theory well before anybody could take pictures of what they claim are atoms.)
AoS said:
You did. Go back and read the exchange I quoted in my last post to you.
AoS said:
That's what I've been saying:
You would know that if you would actually read I'm saying.
Then if that is what you are saying, your requirement to name a new animal that has evolved within historical memory (i.e. was observed in history) is a bogus claim, isn't it - in the context of ToE being science or not.
You can't have it both ways.
AoS said:
More than the average Darwinist. For example, if someone were to post about modern octopuses in the Cretaceous I would know where to look without having to ask them to source it.
You still did not address my question. (I wanted to know where you got your source from, given that it could have been from several different places for all I knew. An entirely legitimate question.)
So let me ask you again - how much literature in biology do you read. So far, all I know is that you may read a few press clippings.
You will note that the only problem it presents for evolution, is explaining the origin of modern octopi. It does not present a problem for ToE, any more than the existence of the coelacanth does.
AoS said:
What is a nested hierarchy?
Something you claimed you observe - and you do.
It's a classification of characteristics where groups of characteristics sit within other groups of characteristics which sit within other groups and so on.
The binomial classification system developed by the creationist Linnaeus is a nested hierarchy.
Here is a write up:-
Hierarchy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The only natural process we know of which forms such a pattern, is one involving common descent with modification.
AoS said:
You seem to think biodiversity = evolution.
I am saying that biodiversity is an outcome of the process of evolution in the same way that an apple falling from a tree is an outcome of an underlying process called gravity. We know much more about the processes behind evolution than we do the process behind gravity.
AoS said:
Because I have 2 eyes and I can see the clouds defying Newton.
But they are till being pulled to the earth, just like the apple.
AoS said:
However, I have never seen a graviton or a gravitational wave.
But they are still apart of gravitational theory. Have you ever seen electromgnetism keep the moon in its orbit? What about a 747 in the sky?
AoS said:
Thus the moon and airplanes defy gravity.
They are still being pulled to the earth. Stop either from moving and they fall to the earth. Why do you thing planes crash when their engines cut out?
AoS said:
By pointing a telescope at the sky.
All you see is stars and galaxies. I might just as well say that I see universal gravitational attraction by pointing a telescope at the sky.
AoS said:
You can also do an experiment. Take a tiny magnet and hold it near a paperclip. That magnet counteracts the entire alleged gravitational force of the Earth.
So there is a big magnet on the other side of every aircraft that flies, keeping it in the sky. And if its engines do cut out, then it does not crash, right?
And there is a big magnet on the other side of the moon too?
AoS said:
Correct. However I consider history, literature, and art to be included in observations since I don't faith in the religion of scientism.
Anything can be used as empirical evidence I presume you are saying, and I tend to agree, in principle.
I don't have faith in scientism either. However, if the data are used in a reasonable, logical and sensible manner, then it does give me more confidence in the scientific theory, or the historical claim.
Besides you do believe in things you don't observe and maybe historical claims but were never observed either. I remember asking you repeatedly about some of von Daniken's claims which could only be inferences he was drawing from data - e.g the Nazca lines as alien space ports, the building of the pyramids by aliens, and stone walls through which razor blades couldn't fit - and you did not answer we.
Those were claims based on data. The claims were of things for which there are no historical records. Yet you appear quite ready to accept them
How can this be so?
AoS said:
Almost all. A few lies in there but 99% true.
Where did you get this figure from?
AoS said:
It's impossible for you to observe real events in the past because you don't have a time machine or a crystal ball do you? All you have to go on is history.
Its impossible to observe many real events that occur in the present, yet we infer their reality - fusion reactions inside the sun, your electromagnetism holding the moon up, rocks sliding past each other 20 km below the earth's surface, protons and neutrons inside atoms.
Past events often leave their imprint on the present which allows us to infer their reality - e.g. a meteorite crater.
The same happens with unobservable events in the present. They put out an imprint which we can observe, allowing us to infer the reality of those ongoing events that are invisible to us.
So yes, when it comes to the past, all we have are historical records and data from the past.
AoS said:
No more than historical data observed in ancient times.
?
Two points:-
1) So you do agree that there is something other than historical record. It is data from the past.
2) A historical record can be very meagre while data from the past can be very rich in detail.
AoS said:
von Daniken's claims above - eg. the building of those stone walls. He claims aliens IIRC, based on the razor blades not being able to fit between the slabs of stone. Archaeological evidence shows that humans could have build the walls and it shows the method as to how.
AoS said:
If a scientist was involved in writing it it's probably wrong.
Given all the peculiarities that humans exhibit at all times and across all cultures, you trust folk from the past who write history, but don't trust people now who do research?
How do you manage to work this out? Why are people in the past more trustworthy than people today?
Did you actually observe these people to know that they are more trustworthy?
Regards, Roland