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Molly,
You asked about 1 Peter 3.
1 Peter 3:1-7 Wives, in the same way be submissive to your husbands so that, if any of them do not believe the word, they may be won over without words by the behavior of their wives, when they see the purity and reverence of your lives. Your beauty should not come from outward adornment, such as braided hair and the wearing of gold jewelry and fine clothes. Instead, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God's sight. For this is the way the holy women of the past who put their hope in God used to make themselves beautiful. They were submissive to their own husbands, like Sarah, who obeyed Abraham and called him her master. You are her daughters if you do what is right and do not give way to fear.
Husbands, in the same way be considerate as you live with your wives, and treat them with respect as the weaker partner and as heirs with you of the gracious gift of life, so that nothing will hinder your prayers. NIV
This passage seems to teach submission, and in one sense it does. Here, Peter is reinforcing a common moral code that existed in Jewish, Roman and Greek society at the time. Paul did exactly the same in his letters. The reason was simple. Family was a foundational concept in the NT world. It was extremely important for the new group that became known as Christians to never be seen as subversive in any way. Society was also strongly patriarchal, and that could not be directly challenged either. Both would have lead to state persecution. So, Peter and Paul provide teaching that conforms to societys values, unless you had some more intimate knowledge of the additional material that both writers used. There was additional meaning that only those who had been given Christian instruction would recognize easily.
The key here is in verse 7, where the phrase in the same way reoccurs. What did this mean when applied to husbands? It is the link between several statements about relationships and submission.
The word submit was used earlier in the letter.
1 Peter 2:13-14 Submit yourselves for the Lord's sake to every authority instituted among men: whether to the king, as the supreme authority, or to governors, who are sent by him to punish those who do wrong and to commend those who do right.
And in
1 Peter 2:18-19 Slaves, submit yourselves to your masters with all respect, not only to those who are good and considerate, but also to those who are harsh.
The phrase in the same way is again used in
1 Peter 5:5 Young men, in the same way be submissive to those who are older.
The phrase in the same way is therefore used by Peter to link the concept of submission.
We accept the role of the state, except where it conflicts with Christian values. But, that does not exclude Christians becoming active against the state on some issue, as they did in the Black Rights movement in the 60s. It never means surrendering passively to every edict of the state.
What about slavery? Where slavery exists, should Christians simply accept it and offer Peters admonition to slaves? We once did! Today we do not see slavery as a moral institution. It breaches the integrity of each human being made in the image of God. Christians were active in the abolitionist movement. Peter gave advice for his time, as Christians were powerless to protest against it then. They simply undermined its basis within the Christian community, which was a classless, gender free racial equal group (see Gal 3:28).
Then wives are to submit. Peter then uses that phrase in the same way. It is a cross reference to his preceding statements. Peters progression in his teaching is then for Christians to submit to the state, Christian slaves to their masters, wives to their husbands, similarly husbands to wives, and finally young men (but not young women!) are to submit to older people (gender not specified).
Paul and Peter both know that to simply state husbands are also to submit to their wives would have exposed the church to persecution on the grounds that Christians were undermining the accepted social order. Both authors used the same device to make just that point without it being obvious to outsiders. Peter asks that husbands treat their wives with respect, and then adds as heirs of life together, echoing the Divine mandate in Genesis that man and woman were jointly exercise rule over the created order (Gen 1:28) and joint bearers of Gods image. (Gen 1:27). Paul is more explicit. He gives the sacrificial servant life of Jesus as mens example to follow. Christians in the NT would be well aware of the implications for the overthrow of a patriarchal society that were contained in Christian values and teaching.
Taking all those submission references together Peter was simply teaching Christians to be respectful and compliant to recognized institutions within their society.
Re your OT reference. We cannot just pluck a verse out of somewhere and place it into a current issue. If that verse still applies then every other verse in the entire Mosaic Law does too.
Shania. It is my understanding of the NT that husbands and wives should be sharing the decision making. The husband as boss or household executive is not a NT teaching
John
NZ
You asked about 1 Peter 3.
1 Peter 3:1-7 Wives, in the same way be submissive to your husbands so that, if any of them do not believe the word, they may be won over without words by the behavior of their wives, when they see the purity and reverence of your lives. Your beauty should not come from outward adornment, such as braided hair and the wearing of gold jewelry and fine clothes. Instead, it should be that of your inner self, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is of great worth in God's sight. For this is the way the holy women of the past who put their hope in God used to make themselves beautiful. They were submissive to their own husbands, like Sarah, who obeyed Abraham and called him her master. You are her daughters if you do what is right and do not give way to fear.
Husbands, in the same way be considerate as you live with your wives, and treat them with respect as the weaker partner and as heirs with you of the gracious gift of life, so that nothing will hinder your prayers. NIV
This passage seems to teach submission, and in one sense it does. Here, Peter is reinforcing a common moral code that existed in Jewish, Roman and Greek society at the time. Paul did exactly the same in his letters. The reason was simple. Family was a foundational concept in the NT world. It was extremely important for the new group that became known as Christians to never be seen as subversive in any way. Society was also strongly patriarchal, and that could not be directly challenged either. Both would have lead to state persecution. So, Peter and Paul provide teaching that conforms to societys values, unless you had some more intimate knowledge of the additional material that both writers used. There was additional meaning that only those who had been given Christian instruction would recognize easily.
The key here is in verse 7, where the phrase in the same way reoccurs. What did this mean when applied to husbands? It is the link between several statements about relationships and submission.
The word submit was used earlier in the letter.
1 Peter 2:13-14 Submit yourselves for the Lord's sake to every authority instituted among men: whether to the king, as the supreme authority, or to governors, who are sent by him to punish those who do wrong and to commend those who do right.
And in
1 Peter 2:18-19 Slaves, submit yourselves to your masters with all respect, not only to those who are good and considerate, but also to those who are harsh.
The phrase in the same way is again used in
1 Peter 5:5 Young men, in the same way be submissive to those who are older.
The phrase in the same way is therefore used by Peter to link the concept of submission.
We accept the role of the state, except where it conflicts with Christian values. But, that does not exclude Christians becoming active against the state on some issue, as they did in the Black Rights movement in the 60s. It never means surrendering passively to every edict of the state.
What about slavery? Where slavery exists, should Christians simply accept it and offer Peters admonition to slaves? We once did! Today we do not see slavery as a moral institution. It breaches the integrity of each human being made in the image of God. Christians were active in the abolitionist movement. Peter gave advice for his time, as Christians were powerless to protest against it then. They simply undermined its basis within the Christian community, which was a classless, gender free racial equal group (see Gal 3:28).
Then wives are to submit. Peter then uses that phrase in the same way. It is a cross reference to his preceding statements. Peters progression in his teaching is then for Christians to submit to the state, Christian slaves to their masters, wives to their husbands, similarly husbands to wives, and finally young men (but not young women!) are to submit to older people (gender not specified).
Paul and Peter both know that to simply state husbands are also to submit to their wives would have exposed the church to persecution on the grounds that Christians were undermining the accepted social order. Both authors used the same device to make just that point without it being obvious to outsiders. Peter asks that husbands treat their wives with respect, and then adds as heirs of life together, echoing the Divine mandate in Genesis that man and woman were jointly exercise rule over the created order (Gen 1:28) and joint bearers of Gods image. (Gen 1:27). Paul is more explicit. He gives the sacrificial servant life of Jesus as mens example to follow. Christians in the NT would be well aware of the implications for the overthrow of a patriarchal society that were contained in Christian values and teaching.
Taking all those submission references together Peter was simply teaching Christians to be respectful and compliant to recognized institutions within their society.
Re your OT reference. We cannot just pluck a verse out of somewhere and place it into a current issue. If that verse still applies then every other verse in the entire Mosaic Law does too.
Shania. It is my understanding of the NT that husbands and wives should be sharing the decision making. The husband as boss or household executive is not a NT teaching
John
NZ
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