How do you define "righteousness" in relation to "holiness / sanctification?"
I've never really done a study on the term righteousness. Taking a stab at it, I'd surmise only a minor distinction:
- Holiness/sanctification refers to the Holy One tabernacling in a geographical region (whether the Tent, the ground at Moses feet, or a section of the human body/heart) FOR PURPOSES of assuming control.
- One inevitable BYPRODUCT of that holiness is morally upright behavior (righteousness).
Given this relationship, at the moment I don't see any major need, aside from splitting theological hairs, to vastly distinguish these concepts. They are somewhat interchangeable. Thus, for example, our initial regeneration is also our first dosage of righteousness.
This is in stark contrast to those exegetes who define righteousness in purely forensic terms, i.e. as our being
declared righteous in virtue of the atonement, without necessarily
being righteous. This error is partly responsible for the widespread misreading of Galatians as an epistle centered on justification rather than sanctification. Which brings me to your next question.
How do you define "justification" in relation to "regeneration?"
In Galatians, Paul is using the terms "justification" and "righteousness" as synonyms for regeneration. Which is also a synonym for sanctification. Regeneration is simply the initial dosage - subsequent dosages might be called 'sanctification' (if one doesn't mind that convention). The point is that Galatians isn't really focused on the
initial dosage (regeneration). Rather it is extrapolating FROM that premise to subsequent dosages (sanctification). How do I know this? At verse 3, the Greek word for 'mature' is used, even though most translations render it as 'perfect' - you'll find that translating it as 'mature' makes for a more consistent/plausible NT-wide rendering.
Secondly, both Romans 4 and Galatians 3 look back to the outpouring of the divine Word upon Abraham at Gen 15:1-6 as the paradigm of righteousness. Abraham received this outpouring of the Holy Breath by
HEARING God speak promises. He received the Breath by the hearing of faith (which is the literal rendering of the Greek). Thus Paul's argument to the Galatians is this:
"Are you so foolish?...Did you receive the Breath through works of the law, or by the hearing of faith...Does God supply you His Breath and work miracles among you, because you observe the law, or by the hearing of faith?
Consider Abraham."
Thus, as most commentators acknowledge, Abraham's experience at Gen 15:1-6 is adduced here
as proof of the preceding verses. Commenting on Gal 3:6, Calvin said it something like this (I don't have his exact quote handy right now), "Paul's point is that with respect to the Galatians receiving the Spirit and miracles via the hearing of faith, it runs parallel to Abraham."
Now here's the clincher. Both Romans 4 and Galatians 3 refer to this Abrahamic experience as 'justification by faith' - but Abraham was already justified by faith prior to this point! Faith comes by hearing (
receiving) an outpouring of the divine Word (Roman 10:17), but Abraham had long since heard God's voice multiple times.
Thus the focus here isn't on Abraham's initial dosage (for salvation) but subsequent outpourings (for sanctification).
How can this be? How can we be justified multiple times? As already suggested, the human soul is a physical substance fused to the body, stretched from head to toe. Being filled full of the Holy Breath would be Christian perfection (which I don't think is possible in the current life). Presently, you've only received a light sprinkling. Thus only part of your heart has received justifying Faith, in the strict technical sense of divinely inspired, divinely sustained Faith. I capitalized Faith because, having free will, all parts of the human heart/mind are potentially capable of self-generated human faith, which is a much weaker kind of faith, very imperfect. Unfortunately Scripture often blurs the distinction between Faith and faith.