Interesting. And yet Jesus did have Peter find a fish with a coin in it's mouth to pay the taxes owed.
Sure. I have a couple of thoughts on Matt 17:24-27 too, as I think you're correct to point out Jesus also comments on taxes there.
For one, it's not clear what a "double drachma tax" is and there's no reason to assume it's the same as the "tribute tax" to Caesar. Secondly, Jesus seems to be paying the temple tax (v 24) so that presumably the double drachma tax is simply the same as the temple tax - but these are not the same as the tribute tax to Caesar (which is the question during Jesus' last week to which he says "...render to Caesar...") Third, though he is paying the temple tax, Jesus' question to Peter asks a theoretical question about taxes in general and the tribute tax to Caesar specifically. In Peter's response and Jesus' instruction, Jesus seems to indicate that he is not obligated to pay these taxes ("the sons are free") but he pays the temple tax anyway, not because he thought he was obligated, but not to cause offense. He does not pay the tribute tax in this passage and he indicates that he didn't think he was obligated to pay either the tribute tax nor temple tax anyway.
FWIW, there was already an intramural Jewish debate at the time on whether or not the temple tax was required by the Torah, so on the temple tax he probably was well within current debate. For example, the Qumran community thought Jewish males only had to pay the temple tax once in a lifetime, rather than regularly (4Q 159:6-7) as well as other Rabbinic sources that disputed the obligation to pay the temple tax (
m. Shek 1.4). Given this, Jesus thinking he wasn't obligated to pay the temple tax isn't really controversial as he was engaging in a [then] current debate.
But still in this passage, Jesus already indicates that he doesn't think he's obligated to pay the tribute tax to Rome either, which may drive his opponents question during his last week. He had a reputation for rejecting the obligation to pay the tribute tax to Caesar, which could be particularly dangerous.