Paul spoke to Christians. Some were Christian slaves of pagan masters. Some were Christian masters. His instructions to the two groups were necessarily different.1 Ti 6:1: "All who are under the yoke of slavery should consider their masters worthy of full respect, so that God's name and our teaching will not be slandered. Those who have believing masters are not to show less respect for them because they are brothers (they are still to be regarded as your legal master). Instead they are to serve them even better, because those (masters) who benefit from their service are believers, and dear to them. These are things you are to teach and urge upon them."
They are not "just" your brother, they are "also" your master.
To the Christian slaves, he could only instruct them to obey their masters as unto Christ. It was not his intention to initiate another Spartacus-like slave rebellion. That had occurred less than 100 years earlier, and the Romans certainly hadn't forgotten it.
Paul could instruct the Christian masters, however, that in Christ they were slaves equal to those they had considered their property ("...in Him there is no favoritism"). This changes the relationship completely. The "slaves" of Christian masters were not their property, but their responsibility....and Jesus would hold them terrifyingly accountable for the spiritual and physical well-being of those people.
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