All Saints' Day
[
The vigil of this feast is popularly called "Hallowe'en"
or "Halloween".]
Solemnity celebrated on the first of November. It is instituted to
honour all the
saints, known and unknown, and, according to
Urban IV, to supply any deficiencies in the
faithful's celebration of
saints' feasts during the year. In the early days the
Christians were accustomed to solemnize the anniversary of a
martyr's death for
Christ at the place of
martyrdom. In the fourth century, neighbouring
dioceses began to interchange
feasts, to transfer
relics, to divide them, and to join in a common
feast; as is shown by the invitation of
St. Basil of Caesarea (397) to the
bishops of the
province of
Pontus. Frequently groups of
martyrs suffered on the same day, which naturally led to a joint commemoration. In the
persecution of
Diocletian the number of
martyrs became so great that a separate day could not be assigned to each. But the
Church, feeling that every
martyr should be venerated, appointed a common day for all. The first trace of this we find in
Antioch on the
Sunday after
Pentecost. We also find mention of a common day in a sermon of
St. Ephrem the Syrian (373), and in the 74th
homily of
St. John Chrysostom (407). At first only
martyrs and
St. John the Baptist were
honoured by a special day. Other
saints were added gradually, and increased in number when a regular process of
canonization was established; still, as early as 411 there is in the
Chaldean Calendar a "Commemoratio Confessorum" for the Friday after
Easter. In the
West Boniface IV, 13 May, 609, or 610,
consecrated the Pantheon in
Rome to the
Blessed Virgin and all the
martyrs, ordering an anniversary.
Gregory III (731-741)
consecrated a
chapel in the
Basilica of St. Peter to all the
saints and fixed the anniversary for 1 November. A
basilica of the
Apostles already existed in
Rome, and its
dedication was annually remembered on 1 May.
Gregory IV (827-844) extended the celebration on 1 November to the entire
Church. The
vigil seems to have been held as early as the
feast itself. The octave was added by
Sixtus IV (1471-84).