Indeed then even with v15 Paul is making a distingtion here between suffereing as someone who does not obey the gospel (breaking God's Commandments; murderer; theif or evil doer) and suffering as a Christian or someone who believes the gospel v16 (for the cause of Christ). Then in v17 giving the reason for the pervious scriptures; For the time is come that judgment must begin at the house of God and if it first begins with us, what shall the end be of them that obey not the gospel of God?
So using the scripture in v17 is indeed in context to the topic of study which is Judgement must begin with the house of God.
The Greek word 1 Peter 4:17 for
Judgment is ρίμα; krima; kree'-mah; From G2917;
a decision (
the function or the effect, for or against [" crime" ]): - avenge, condemned, condemnation, damnation, +
go to law, judgment.
This is different from receiving judgment (penalty) 2920 κρίσις; krisis; kree'-sis;
(Subjectively or objectively, for or against); by extension a tribunal ;
by implication justice (specifically divine law): - accusation, condemnation, damnation, judgment.
The implication of the proceeding verses above is also the testing or trials of those who profess to follow the gospel through trials to determine if they are following God or not following God. In line with the rest of the OP showing the time of the investigative judgement and the opening of the books in Heaven ties in very nicely with the scriptures provided in Daniel and Revelations.
Please forgive me with the commentaries today. Just thought this was interesting.
Meyer's NT Commentary
ὅτι ὁ καιρὸς τοῦ ἄρξασθαι τὸ κρίμα] Luther’s translation: “it is time,” is inexact. The article before καιρός must not be overlooked; thus: “for it is the time of the beginning of the judgment, that is, in which the judgment is beginning;” ἐστί is to be supplied; the genitive is directly dependent on ὁ καιρός (cf.
Luke 1:57), and not “on καιρός taken out of the subject, ὁ καιρός” (Hofmann). By κρίμα is to be understood the definite judgment (τό), that is, the final judgment, which Peter, however, here thinks of, not in its last decisive act, but in its gradual development. It begins with the Christians (
Matthew 24:9 ff.) in the refining fire of affliction,
1 Peter 4:12, and is completed in the sentence of condemnation pronounced on the unbelieving world at the advent of Christ. In opposition to the apostle’s manner of expressing himself, Hofmann maintains that reference is here made only to the judgment of the unbelieving world, the beginning of which Peter recognised in the fact that God permitted it to persecute the Christians, to do unto them that which makes itself ripe for judgment(!). ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Θεοῦ] ἀπό is here pregnant: the judgment takes place first in the οἶκ. τοῦ Θεοῦ: thence it proceeds further on; with the construction ἄρχεσθαι ἀπό, cf.
Acts 1:22;
Acts 8:35;
Acts 10:37.[259] οἶκος τοῦ Θεοῦ is the church of believers;
1 Timothy 3:15 (chap.
1 Peter 2:5, οἶκος πνευματικός).