Uh, the thread split, surprise, surprise...
I don't agree with your assessment. In order to draw a dependency from what Ezekiel wrote, it needs to be shown that the author of Colossians (Paul) either cited/quoted a text from Ezekiel, or else shows a common authorship - which of course doesn't exist. Ezekiel and Paul both mention components of the law that was mediated by Moses, and the similarity they composed in their disparate writings come from Moses. What you have done is try to draw dependency where traceability cannot be established to either Ezekiel or 1/2 Chronicles. And, a first rule of auditing is that if a trace to a codified body can't be cited, then you can't write a dependency that relies on an allusion that exists nowhere outside personal opinion.
I would be surprised if Paul were not familiar with all the old testament. And he is drawing on an idea present in several texts, which is a summary of the holy times by the terms feast, newmoon and sabbath. Lev. 23, which you mention, does not summarize the days in that way. It lists the procedure and prescriptions for each day. But it does not list them succinctly right in a row. So when you say he is only drawing on Moses, that is not immediately obvious.Ezekiel, Hosea, Nehemiah and Chronicles would all be closer parallels to what he actually said.
And we do know that Paul was familiar with at least two of the texts that lists the terms that way.
Rom 9:25 As indeed he says in Hosea, "Those who were not my people I will call 'my people,' and her who was not beloved I will call 'beloved.'"
The phrase, I will say to them which were not my people, Thou art my people is from Hosea 2:23.
And
Rom 9:26 And it shall come to pass, that in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not my people; there shall they be called the children of the living God.
The phrase in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not my people, there it shall be said unto them, Ye are the sons of the living God. Comes from Hosea 1:10.
Between Hosea 1:10 and Hosea 2:23 comes Hosea 2:11:
Hos 2:11 I will also cause all her mirth to cease, her feast days, her new moons, and her sabbaths, and all her solemn feasts.
So if Paul is familiar with Moses he is also familiar with Hosea 2, and its listing in this fashion. And the listing in Hosea is certainly more similar than that of Lev. 23.
Paul also alludes to, but does not quote Ezekiel in his appeal to the Corinthians to avoid idols Paul refers to the text in Ezekiel 37:
Eze 37:23 Neither shall they defile themselves any more with their idols, nor with their detestable things, nor with any of their transgressions: but I will save them out of all their dwellingplaces, wherein they have sinned, and will cleanse them: so shall they be my people, and I will be their God.
2Co 6:16 And what agreement hath the temple of God with idols? for ye are the temple of the living God; as God hath said, I will dwell in them, and walk in them; and I will be their God, and they shall be my people.
So we know he is familiar with Ezekiels work.
So I dont find it hard to believe that when Paul lists the days in the succinct fashion used by these two verses that he might have such things in mind.
But the point is Paul did not quote any of them directly. He is drawing on the various listings in this fashion, he is listing all the holy times. I imagine he also had in mind Lev. 23, and Numbers 28-29, etc. They all list the holy times.
Now apart from the idea that Paul used these texts as a basis there is the idea that these authors show how Moses was to be understood. Would God lead Paul to a different understanding than the other biblical authors?
As Rasell mentioned there are two words for "feast" being used in Hebrew.
But both are translated by the one Greek word εορτη.
Yes the Day of Atonement is a "moed", or an appointed time. Moed is translated εορτη in Greek and "feast" by many English translations.
But the Day of Atonement is not a "chag" which has different connotations. And chag is also translated with εορτη.
You insist above that the Day of Atonement would be included in the feasts, or εορτη section of Col. 2. But by that logic you would need to include the weekly sabbath in feasts as well because the sabbath was a "moed" in the chapter. And "moed" is rendered "feast".
Lev 23:2 "Speak to the people of Israel and say to them, These are the appointed feasts (moed) of the LORD that you shall proclaim as holy convocations; they are my appointed feasts.
Lev 23:3 "Six days shall work be done, but on the seventh day is a Sabbath of solemn rest, a holy convocation. You shall do no work. It is a Sabbath to the LORD in all your dwelling places.
So you have to distinguish between what underlying Hebrew word is being referenced when you see the word feast or the Greek εορτη
With that in mind, look at Ezekiel:
Eze 45:17 It shall be the prince's duty to furnish the burnt offerings, grain offerings, and drink offerings, at the feasts, the new moons, and the Sabbaths, all the appointed feasts of the house of Israel: he shall provide the sin offerings, grain offerings, burnt offerings, and peace offerings, to make atonement on behalf of the house of Israel.
The
feasts in the first part are the "chag"
The "
appointed feasts" are the "moed". They are all "moed", but they are not all "chag."
Now look at Chronicles. There are several parallel passages which use this short hand method of referring to the holy times. They particularly note they refer back to the law of Moses. But in 2 Ch. 8:13 it spells out the feast portion.
1Ch 23:31 And to offer all burnt sacrifices unto the LORD in the sabbaths, in the new moons, and on the set feasts, by number, according to the order commanded unto them, continually before the LORD:
2Ch 2:4 Behold, I build an house to the name of the LORD my God, to dedicate it to him, and to burn before him sweet incense, and for the continual shewbread, and for the burnt offerings morning and evening, on the sabbaths, and on the new moons, and on the solemn feasts of the LORD our God. This is an ordinance for ever to Israel.
2Ch 8:13 as the duty of each day required, offering according to the commandment of Moses for the Sabbaths, the new moons, and the three annual feasts--the Feast of Unleavened Bread, the Feast of Weeks, and the Feast of Booths.
2Ch 31:3 He appointed also the king's portion of his substance for the burnt offerings, to wit, for the morning and evening burnt offerings, and the burnt offerings for the sabbaths, and for the new moons, and for the set feasts, as it is written in the law of the LORD.
I would think Paul would be familiar with all this usage.
We know he was with Hosea and with Ezekiels work. I am not aware of him ever quoting Chronicles. But it seems strange to think he would not be familiar with it.
And when he uses a similar listing of the holy things there is no reason to think the contents of his listing differ from those of
Chronicles
Ezekiel
Lev. 23
Numbers 28-29
In other words, they would include the
Feasts three pilgrim feasts, unleavened bread, Pentecost, feast of booths
New moons-self explanatory
SabbathsDay of Atonement, trumpets and weekly sabbath.
As you said before, it is all the sabbath days being referred to by the term in Colossians.
But I do not think it is a progression of yearly, weekly, monthly.Because that is not how we see other biblical authors spelling it out. And I don't see why God would need to reveal it one way to one author and another way to another.
Rasell on the other hand wants to say that we don't know what the terms refer to. But in the Old Testament we do know what they referred to.