Here is a quick and dirty summary of some of the major Christian groups through history.
Christianity (1st century) - apostles, Paul's missions, persecutions, councils, Augustine, Bishops
Assyrian Church of the East (431) - The
Nestorian Schism occured because they offered protection to followers of the heresy
Nestorianism even though they did not follow its theology.
Oriental Orthodoxy (451) - Council of Chalcedon declared their
Monophysite view as heresy. Syrian and Coptic churches.
Roman Catholicism (1054) - Gradual
East/West Schism of the
One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church that became final in 1054 primarily over the authority of the bishop of Rome (Pope). Latin.
Eastern Orthodoxy (1054) - Same as above. Greek.
Protestant Reformation Link
Lutheran (1519) -
Martin Luther. First church of the
Protestant Reformation. Germany. Three Solas (Grace Alone, Faith Alone, Scripture Alone)
Reformed (1525) -
John Calvin.
Huldrych Zwingli. Second church of the Protestant Reformation. Switzerland.
Calvinism (predestination).
Anabaptists (1525) - Rejected infant baptism. Persecuted by Catholics and Reformers. Modern day
Mennonites,
Amish,
Hutterites.
Hutterites (1529) -
Jacob Hutter. Anabaptist. Communal living. Pacifist.
Anglican/Episcopal (1534) -
Henry VIII was not granted an annulment and split the
Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church. Episcopal church in the US recently appointed gay bishop.
Mennonite (1537) -
Menno Simons. Anabaptist. Holland/Germany. Pacifism. Some groups reject modern technology.
Presbyterian (1560) -
John Knox. Scotland. Part of the Reformed churches. Calvinistic.
Baptist(1609) - Separatists from the
puritan movement in the Anglican church.
John Smyth's General (
Arminian) Baptists and Henry Jacob's
Particular (Calvinistic) Baptists
Congregationalists (1633) -
John Cotton. Massachusetts. Separatists puritans that emphasize the autonomy of the local church.
Quakers/Religious Society of Friends (1647) -
George Fox. Separatists puritans that emphasize peace, communal decisions and that everyone is a minister.
Amish (1693) -
Jacob Amman. Amman felt Mennonites were not strict enough and separated. Communal life. Avoid modernisms.
Great Awakening Link
Methodist (1738) -
John Wesley. England. Methodical bible study movement in the Anglican church.
Arminian.
Campbellites (1826) -
Alexander Campbell. Product of the
Restoration Movement that tried to remove denominational barriers.
Millerite/Adventists (1830s) -
William Miller. Predicted the date of the 2nd coming in 1844 until the
Great Disappointment.
Messianic Judaism (1850s) - Jewish Christians who have retained their cultural and ethnic identity.
Seventh Day Adventists (1863) -
Ellen G. White. Millerite origin. Worship on Saturday.
Salvation Army (1878) -
William Booth. England. Methodist origin. Emphasis on social service.
Church of the Nazarene (1895) - Product of the
Holiness movement initiated by Methodists. Merging many Holiness churches.
Christian and Missionary Alliance (1897) - Albert Simpson. Part of the Holiness movement. Focus on evangelism and missions.
Pentecostal (1901) -
Charles Fox Parham.
William Seymour.
Asuza Street Revival. Product of the Pentecostal Movement, influenced by the Holiness movment. Speaking in tongues.
Disciples of Christ (1906) - Arose as a split in the Campbellite churches over liberal/conservative theologies. Became the moderate/liberal wing.
Church of Christ (1906) - Same as above. Tries to mimic early church. Non-instrumental. Conservative/fundamentalist wing.
Assemblies of God (1914) - An organization of Pentecostal churches.
United Church of Christ (1956) - Merger of congregationalist and reformed churches. Very liberal theology.
Calvary Chapel (1965) -
Chuck Smith.
Non-denominational denomination that came out of the
Jesus Movement.
Word of Faith (1967) - A controversial movement within some Pentecostal churches that emphasizes receiving things from the Holy Spirit.
Benny Hinn.
Yonggi Cho.